Comparison of Risk Score, Risk Levels and Risk Factors for Developing Cardiovascular Disease in Hypertension with Comorbid Diabetes and Non-Diabetes

Ueshima H, Sekikawa A, Miura K, Turin TC, Takashima N, KitaY, et al. Cardiovascular disease and risk factors in Asia: a selected review. Circulation 2008;118:2702-9.

Franklin SS, Wong ND. Hypertension and cardiovascular disease: contributions of the Framingham Heart Study. Glob Heart 2013;8:49-57.

Lewington S, Clarke R, Qizilbash N, Peto R, Collins R; for the Prospective Studies Collaboration. Age-specific relevance of usual blood pressure to vascular mortality: a meta-analysis of individual data for one million adults in 61 prospective studies. Lancet 2002; 360:1903-13.

D’Agostino RB Sr, Vasan RS, Pencina MJ, Wolf PA, Cobain M, Massaro JM, et al. General cardiovascular risk profile for use in primary care: the Framingham Heart Study. Circulation 2008; 117:743-53.

Iyer AS, Ahmed MI, Filippatos GS, Ekundayo OJ, Aban IB, Love TE, et al. Uncontrolled hypertension and increased risk for incident heart failure in older adults with hypertension: findings from a propensity-matched prospective population study. J Am Soc Hypertens 2010;4:22-31.

Chobanian AV, Bakris GL, Black HR, Cushman WC, Green LA, Izzo JL Jr, et al. The Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure: the JNC 7 report. JAMA 2003; 289:2560-72.

Ettehad D, Emdin CA, Kiran A, Anderson SG, Callender J, Emberson J, et al. Blood pressure lowering for prevention of cardiovascular disease and death: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet 2016; 387:957-67.

Huang XB, Tang WW, Liu Y, Hu R, Ouyang LY, Liu JX, et al. Prevalence of diabetes and unrecognized diabetes inhypertensive patients aged 40 to 79 years in southwest China. PLoS ONE 2017; 12:e0170250.

Asia Pacific Cohort Studies Collaboration. The effect of diabetes on the risk of major cardiovascular disease and death in Asia-Pacific region. Diab Care 2003; 34:360-6.

Chookhaew J, Suwanno J, Sameanphet T. Predictors of risk level of developing coronary heart disease in women with hypertension attending a rural community hospital. Journal of Nursing Division 2013;40:39-56.

Pantong U, Suwanno J, Rewwadee P, Sameanphet T.Prevalance of microalbuminuria among hypertensive persons attending primary care service. Journal of Nursing and Health Care 2016; 34:93-102.

James PA, Oparil S, Carter BL, Cushman WC, DennisonHimmelfarb C, Handler J, et al. 2014 evidence-based guideline for the management of high blood pressure in adults: report from the panel members appointed to the Eighth Joint National Committee (JNC 8). JAMA 2014; 311: 507-20.

American Diabetes Association. Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. Diab Care 2010; 33:62-9.

[NCEP] Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults. Executive Summary of the Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). JAMA 2001; 258:2486-97.

Conroy RM, Pyorala K, Fitzerald AP, Sans S, Menotti A, De Backer G, et al. Estimation of ten-year risk of fatal cardiovascular disease in Europe: the SCORE project.Eur Heart J 2003; 24:987-1003.

Mendis S, Lindholm LH, Mancia G, Whitworth J, Alderman M, Lim S, et al. World Health Organization (WHO) and International Society of Hyperion (ISH) risk prediction charts: assessment of cardiovascular risk for prevention and control of cardiovascular disease in low and middle-income countries. J Hypertens 2007; 25:1578-82.

Selvarajah S, Kaur G, Haniff J, Cheong KC, Hiong TG, van der Graaf Y, et al. Comparison of the Framingham Risk Score, SCORE and WHO/ISH cardiovascular risk prediction models in an Asian population. Int J Cardiol 2014;176:211-8.

Yamwong S. Development of total cardiovascular risk assessment score. [cited 2018 April 12]. Available from: URL; http://hrn.thainhf.org/document/research/research_199.pdf

Asia Pacific Cohort Studies Collaboration. The effect of metabolic risks for coronary death in the Asia Pacific region. Diab Res Clin Pract 2006;74:274-81.

Ramachandran A, Snehalatha C, Shetty AS, Nanditha A. Trends in prevalence of diabetes in Asian countries. World J Diab 2012; 3:110-7.

Sowers JR, Epstein M, Frohlich ED. Diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease: an update. Hypertension 2001; 37:1053-9.