Viral Infectivity of Asymptomatic or Mild Symptomatic without Risk Factors COVID-19 Case-patients at 7 and 10 Days after Diagnosis
Keywords:
Antibody, COVID-19, quarantine, virus cultureAbstract
Background: Asymptomatic and mild symptomatic patients with no risk of severe coronavirus disease (COVID-19) will be quarantine for 10 days as Thai guideline’s recommendation. If the quarantine period can be shortened from 10 to 7 days, we can save many resources. Objective: to assess the rate of SARS-CoV-2 (viral infectivity) in asymptomatic and mild symptomatic COVID-19 patients diagnosed on 7th day and 10th day after diagnosis. Method: This prospective descriptive study performed at the hospitel (Narai Hotel) under the supervision of Lerdsin Hospital from March to December 2021. 88 of subjects were recruited. Nasopharyngeal and throat secretion culture for SARS-CoV-2, subgenomic RNA and clotted blood for IgM and IgG using ELISA were collected. Results: We found 64.4% female, mean age 37.1 ± 12.3 years and BMI 23.1 ± 3.5 kg/m2. Asymptomatic and mild symptomatic subjects were 34.1% and 65.9% respectively. rRT-PCR on 7th day and 10th day showed “detected” result 82.9% (95% CI 75.1, 90.8) and 81.8% (95% CI 73.8, 89.9) respectively whereas, virus culture on 7th day were “not detected” 98.9% (95 CI 96.7, 100) and no virus was found on 10th day. Subgenomic RNA method showed alpha (B.1.1.7) 53.4%, delta 11.4%, and neither alpha nor delta strains 35.2%. Geometric mean titer (GMT) of anti-spike IgM on day 7 and day 10 were 2.42 (95%CI 1.77, 3.30) and 3.45 (95%CI 2.6, 4.6) respectively (p < .001) while anti-RBD IgG were 209.2 and 520.1, respectively (p < .0001). Moreover, IgM and IgG levels on 7th day, the seropositive rates were 79.6% and 77.3% while on 10th day, were 89.8% and 93.2% respectively. Conclusion: The infection on 7th days and 10th day from diagnostic date by RT-PCR showed a large number of infections, virus culture showed very rarely “detected” report on 7th day and “not detected” on 10th day after diagnosis.
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