ภาวะมวลกล้ามเนื้อน้อยแบบทุติยภูมิและโรคเบาหวานร่วมกับภาวะมวลกล้ามเนื้อน้อย ในประชากรเอเชีย: การทบทวนวรรณกรรมแบบพรรณนา

Sasiwimol Thongwilas; Phawit Norchai

Authors

Sasiwimol Thongwilas The Degree of Master of Science, Department of Anti-Aging and Regenerative Medicine College of Integrative Medicine, Dhurakij Pundit University
Phawit Norchai College of Integrative Medicine, Dhurakij Pundit University

Keywords:

Secondary sarcopenia, Type 2 diabetes mellitus, Sarcopenic diabetes, Southeast asia

Abstract

Secondary sarcopenia is characterized by the loss of muscle mass and function due to chronic diseases, particularly type 2 diabetes mellitus. When these conditions coexist, the term “sarcopenic diabetes” is used. These conditions have a bidirectional relationship, contributing to metabolic dysregulation and leading to disability, reduced quality of life, and increased public health burden, especially in Southeast Asia. This review aims to synthesize evidence on pathophysiological mechanisms, prevalence, risk factors, diagnostic criteria, and management strategies. A literature search was conducted across major databases for studies published between 2010 and 2025, and 30 relevant studies were included. Data were analyzed using content analysis.

The evidence indicates that key mechanisms include insulin resistance, mitochondrial dysfunction, chronic inflammation, and the accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), along with intramuscular fat infiltration, which is associated with poorer glycemic control. The prevalence of sarcopenia ranges from 10–40% in the general population (mean approximately 25%), around 18% in individuals with diabetes, and up to 37.46% in Asia, with variability depending on diagnostic criteria. Consistent risk factors include older age, poor glycemic control, longer duration of diabetes, diabetic complications, and malnutrition. Commonly used diagnostic criteria are AWGS 2019 and EWGSOP2. Evidence-based management includes resistance and aerobic exercise, protein and vitamin D supplementation, optimal glycemic control, and individualized antidiabetic therapy.

In conclusion, secondary sarcopenia and sarcopenic diabetes are significant public health concerns that require systematic screening and integrated management approaches to improve quality of life and reduce long-term economic burden.

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