THE EFFECTS OF IMAGERY TRAINING PROGRAM ON THE SKILL OF GOLF-CHIPPING AND THE ELECTRICAL ACTIVITY OF MUSCLE
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
This research aimed to compare golf skill and electrical activity of muscle between experimental and control groups. Participants were the forty physical-education students aged 18-26 years, divided into two groups; The experimental group (n = 20) practicing the golf chipping skill with the imagery program, and the control group (n = 20) practicing the golf chipping skill with reading the rule of golf, five days per week, for four weeks. The instrument used for data collection were a) the test of golf chipping skill, b) the imagery program, and c) the electrical muscle indicator. Statistics used for data analysis were mean (), standard deviation (S.D.), and comparison between groups (Independent t-test) and within group (Dependent t-test).
Research results were as follows: 1. Comparison of the golf-chipping skill between the experimental group ( = 3.61, S.D. = 1.20) and the control group (
= 8.30, S.D. = 2.88) was found that there was statistically significant difference at Alpha level of .05 (t = 6.71, p = .00). This showed that the experimental group had higher accuracy after training golf-chipping skill with the imagery program than the control group did. 2. Comparison of the electrical activity of muscle between the experimental group (
= 144.25, S.D. = 22.84) and the control group (
= 29.60, S.D. = 11.13) was found that there was statistically significant difference at Alpha level of .05 (t = 20.17, p = .00). This showed that the experimental group had higher electrical activity of muscle after training the imagery program than the control group did.
Article Details
The published article is a copyright of the Academic Journal of Thailand National Sports University. The passage appeared in each article in this academic journal is a perspective of each author which is not related to the journal. Each author is required to be responsible for all components of his/her own article. If there are any mistakes, each author must be responsible for those mistakes on his/her own.
References
Andreassi, J. L. (2000). Psychophysiology in Human behavior and physiological response. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
Bhasavanija, T., Vongjaturapat, N., Morris, T., & Muangnapo, P. (2011). Imagery training to increase hand warmth in golfers. In Proceedings: Taiwan international Congress. n.p.
Cox, R. H. (2002). Sport psychology: Concepts and application. (5th ed.). New York: The McGraw-Hill Companies.
Drowatzky, J. N. (1975). Motor learning principle and practice. Minneapolis: Burgess.
Hall, C. R. (2001). Imagery in sport and exercise. In R. N. Singer, H. A. Hausenblas, & C. M. Janelle (Eds.). Handbook of sport psychology (2nd ed.). New York: John Wiley & Sons.
Harris, D. V., & Robinson, W. J. (1986). The effect of skill level on EMG activity during internal and external imagery. Journal of Sport Psychology, 8, 105-111.
Jackson, P. L., Lafleur, M. F., Malouin, F., Richards, C., & Doyon, J. (2001). Potential role of mental practice using motor imagery in neurologic rehabilitation. Journal of Archphys Med Rehabil, 82, 1133-1141.
Johnson, S. H., Rotte, M., Grafton, S. T., Hinrichs, H., Gazzaniga, M. S., & Heinze, H. J. (2002). Selective activationofa parietofrontal circuitduring implicitly imagined prehension. NeuroImage, 17, 1693-1704.
Kasemsan Panichcharoen. (2008). Imagery training results on windsurfing ability. (Master’s thesis), Burapha University.
Machenaud, D. (1996). Golf. Edison: Chartwell Books.
Morris, T., Spittle, M., & Watt, A. P. (2005). Imagery in sport. Leeds, England: Human Kinetics.
Nicklaus, J. (1983). Jack Nicklaus’ playing lessons. London: Pan Books.
Pinel, J. P. J. (1993). Biopsychology (2nd ed.). Needham Heights, MA: Allyn & Bacon.
Piyachat Sittachinda. (2009). Functional biomechanics of muscles of straight punch. (Master’s Thesis), Mahidol University.