Incidence of Ventilator-associated Pneumonia in Intensive Care Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Vajira Hospital
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Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the incidence and risk factors of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in intensive care unit (ICU) patient in the Faculty of Medicine, Vajira Hospital.
Methods: This study was a retrospective descriptive study. The sample group was 1,167 patients in ICU of Faculty of Medicine Vajira Hospital, who received mechanical ventilation from 1st October, 2011 to 30th September, 2012. Data were collected by surveillance form of Infection control division. The diagnosis of VAP was based on healthcare associated infection of Center for disease control and prevention (CDC) to evaluate the incidence and risk factors of VAP in ICU patient in the Faculty of Medicine Vajira Hospital.
Result: From all the 1,167 participants, 38 episodes of VAP developed. The incidence of VAP was 5.1 per 1,000 ventilator days. The most frequent incidence of 57.9% occurred in female and 86.8% was over 60 years of age. There were 65.8% of patients who had preexisting underlying disease, of which 76% was diabetes. Additionally, 92.1% of them received GI bleeding preventive drugs, of which 55.3% was omeprazole. Likewise, 26.3% received steroid and 31.6% on sedative drugs. Intubations were performed orally in 71.1%. Most of these intubations were performed on general ward (39.5%) and were re-intubation (10.5%). There were 33.7 days mean length to those under ventilators who had received mechanical ventilation for more than 7 days before acquiring pneumonia by 63.2%. Patients receiving antibiotics before acquiring pneumonia was 92.1%. The causative organisms of VAP called Acinetobacter baumanii was carbapenem drug resistant with 39.5% against other types of organisms found in the process of administration. On this study, the mortality rates of VAP in ICU patients in the Faculty of Medicine at Vajira Hospital were 36.8%.
Conclusion: The incidence of VAP at the ICU of the Faculty of Medicine, Vajira Hospital from 1st October, 2011 to 30th September, 2012 was 5.1 per 1,000 ventilator days with a mortality rates of 36.8%
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References
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