Organophosphates and Development of Infants
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Published:
Oct 1, 2018
Keywords:
Organophosphates development infants pesticides
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Abstract
Organophosphates insecticides are used worldwide in an agricultural sector. These chemicals can cause acute and chronic neurotoxicity in humans. Regarding vulnerable population, such as pregnant women and children, organophosphates can transfer from mothers to children through placenta and breast milk, resulting in adverse effects on growth and development of children. Furthermore, exposure to low levels of organophosphates during infant period might cause adverse effects on child development because brain develops rapidly in this period. Thus, this review article aims to review (1) toxic mechanism of organophosphates on nervous system; (2) brain and nervous system development; (3) tools for evaluating development of infants; (4) effects of organophosphates on development of infants (0 - 12 months). From literature review during 2006 - 2017, there were 7 articles studying the association between prenatal exposure to organophosphates and infant development. Of the 7 articles, 5 articles revealed the association between history of exposure to organophosphate and infant development while 2 articles found no association. Prevention of prenatal exposure to chemicals and evaluation of development in risk infant groups such as infants in agricultural area, are the important timing to cure and stimulate infants’ development promptly
Article Details
How to Cite
Suwannakul, B., Ongprasert, K., & Sapbamrer, R. (2018). Organophosphates and Development of Infants. Vajira Medical Journal : Journal of Urban Medicine, 62(5), 411–422. Retrieved from https://he02.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/VMED/article/view/194578
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Review Articles
References
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5. Engel SM, Berkowitz GS, Barr DB, Teitelbaum SL, Siskind J, Meisel SJ, et al. Prenatal organophosphate metabolite and organochlorine levels and performance on the Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale in a multiethnic pregnancy cohort. Am J Epidemiol. 2007; 165: 1397–404.
6. Engel SM, Wetmur J, Chen J, Zhu C, Barr DB, Canfield RL, et al. Prenatal exposure to organophosphates, paraoxonase 1, and cognitive development in childhood. Environ Health Perspect. 2011; 119: 1182-8.
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8. Bradman A, Barr DB, Henn BGC, Drumheller T, Curry C, Eskenazi B. Measurement of pesticides and other toxicants in amniotic fluid as a potential biomarker of pre-natal exposure: a validation study. Environ Health Perspect. 2003; 111: 1779-82.
9. Furlong CE, Holland N, Richter RJ, Bradman A, Ho A, Eskenazi B. PON1 status of farmworker mothers and children as a predictor of organophosphate sensitivity. Pharmacogenet Genomics. 2006; 16: 183-90.
10. Lotti M. Clinical toxicology of anticholinesterase agents in humans. In: Krieger RI, editor. Handbook of pesticide toxicology. 2nd ed. San Diego: Academic Press; 2001. p. 1043-86.
11. Savolainen K. Understanding the toxic action of organophosphates. In: Krieger RI, editor. Handbook of Pesticide Toxicology. 2nd ed. San Diego: Academic Press; 2001. p. 1013-43.
12. Bigbee J W, Sharma KU. The adhesive role of acetylcholinesterase (AchE) : detection of AchE binding proteins in rate spinal cord. Neurochem Res. 2004; 29: 2043-50.
13. Gupta RC. Brain regional heterogeneity and toxicological mechanisms of organophosphates and carbamates. Toxicol Mech Meth. 2004; 14: 103-43.
14. Qiao D, Seidler FJ, Tate CA, Cousins MM, Slotkin TA. Fetal chlorpyrifos exposure: adverse effects on brain cell development and cholinergic biomarkers emerge postnatally and continue into adolescence and adulthood. Environ Health Perspect. 2003; 111: 536-44.
15. Slotkin TA. Guidelines for developmental neurotoxicity and theirimpacton organophosphate pesticides: a personal view from an academic perspective. Neurotoxicology. 2004; 25: 631-40.
16. Rauh VA, Perera FP, Horton MK, Whyatt RM, Bansal R, Hao X, et al. Brain anomalies in children exposed prenatally to a common organophosphate pesticide. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 2012; 109: 7871-6.
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18. Sattler B, Davis del BA. Nurses’ role in children’s environmental health protection. Pediatric Nursing. 2008; 34: 329–39.
19. Rauh VA, Garfinkel R, Perera FP, Andrews Hf, Hoepner L, Barr DB, et al. Impact of prenatal chlopyrifos exposure on neurodevelopment in the first 3 years of life among inner-city children. Pediatrics. 2006; 118: e1845-59.
20. Rauh V, Arunnajadai S, Horton M, Perera, F, Hoepner L, Barr DB, et al. Seven-year neurodevelopmental scores and prenatal exposure to chlopyrifos, a common agricultural pesticide. Environ Health Perspect. 2011; 119: 1196-201.
21. Marks AR, Harley K, Bradman A, Koqut K, Barr DB, Johnson C, et al. Organophosphate pesticide exposure and attention in young Mexican-American children: the CHAMACOS study. Environ Health Perspect. 2010; 118: 1768-74.
22. Silver MK, Shao J, Zhu B, Chen M, Xia Y, Lozff B, et al. Prenatal naled and chlorpyrifos exposure is associated with deficits in infant motor function in a cohort of Chinese infants. Environ Int. 2017; 106: 248–56.
23. Chunsuwan I. Guideline of child development promotion in Thailand (0-10 year). In: Noiyayak P, Piyasil W, Ningsanon W, Ungthavorn P, editors. Guideline in child health supervision. Bangkok: Sapphasan; 2014. p. 21-8.
24. Ministry of Public Health. Developmental surveillance and promotion manual (DSPM). Nonthaburi: WVO officer of printing mill; 2017. p. 67-71.
25. Sirithongthaworn S. The development of developmental surveillance and promotion manual; DSPM. J Psychiatr Assoc Thailand. 2018; 63(1): 3-12.
26. Brazelton TB, Nugent K. Neonatal behavioral assessment scale. 3rd ed. London: Mac Keith Press; 1995.
27. Bayley N. Bayley scales of infant development. 2nd ed. San Antonio: Harcourt Assessment, Brace & Company; 1993.
28. Bayley N. Bayley scales of infant and toddler development: administration manual. 3rd ed. San Antonio: Harcourt Assessment; 2006.
29. Kotchabhakdi N, Lertawassadatrakul O. Training manual Denver 2-Thai version. 3rd Ed. Nakhon Pathom: Mahidol University; 2008.
30. Glascoe FP, Byme KE, Ashford LG, Johnson KL, Chang B, Strickland B. Accuracy of the Denver-II in developmental screening. Pediatrics. 1992; 89: 1221-5.
31. Folio MR, Fewell RR. Peabody developmental motor scales examiner’s manual. 2nd Ed. Austin: Pro-Ed; 2000.
32. Squires J, Twombly E, Bricker D, Potter L. The ASQ-3 user’s guide for ages and stages questionnaires. 3rd Ed. Baltimore: Paul H. Brookes Publishing; 2009.
33. Pichairakporn S, Ularntinon S. Concurrent Validity of the Ages & Stages Questionnaires, Third Edition (ASQ-3 Thai-version) with the Denver Developmental Screening Test II (Denver II) in developmental screening of children at 36, 48, and 60 months old. Thai J Pediatr. 2013; 52: 336-47.
34. Eskenazi B, Marks AR, Bradman A, Harley K, Barr DB, Johnson C, et al. Organophosphate pesticide exposure and neurodevelopment in young Mexican-American children. Environ Health Perspect. 2007; 115: 792–8.
35. Handal AJ, Harlow SD, Breilh J, Lozoff B. Occupational exposure to pesticides during pregnancy and neurobehavioral development of infants and toddlers. Epidemiology. 2008; 19: 851–9.
36. Kongtip P, Techasaensiri B, Nankongnab N, Adams J, Phamonphon A, Surach A, et al. The impact of prenatal organophosphate pesticide exposures on Thai infant neurodevelopment. Environ Res Public Health. 2017; 14: 1-12.
2. Fukuto TR. Mechanism of action of organophosphorus and carbamate insecticides. Environ Health Perspect. 1990; 87: 245-54.
3. Pope CN. Central nervous system effects and neurotoxicity. In: Gupta RC, editor. Toxicology of organophosphate & carbamate compounds. Burlington: Academic Press; 2006. p. 271-91.
4. Costa LG. Current issues in organophosphate toxicology. Clin Chim Acta. 2006; 366: 1-13.
5. Engel SM, Berkowitz GS, Barr DB, Teitelbaum SL, Siskind J, Meisel SJ, et al. Prenatal organophosphate metabolite and organochlorine levels and performance on the Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale in a multiethnic pregnancy cohort. Am J Epidemiol. 2007; 165: 1397–404.
6. Engel SM, Wetmur J, Chen J, Zhu C, Barr DB, Canfield RL, et al. Prenatal exposure to organophosphates, paraoxonase 1, and cognitive development in childhood. Environ Health Perspect. 2011; 119: 1182-8.
7. Eskenazi B, Bradman A, Castorina R. Exposures of children to organophosphate pesticides and their potential adverse health effects. Environ Health Perspect. 1999; 107: 409-19.
8. Bradman A, Barr DB, Henn BGC, Drumheller T, Curry C, Eskenazi B. Measurement of pesticides and other toxicants in amniotic fluid as a potential biomarker of pre-natal exposure: a validation study. Environ Health Perspect. 2003; 111: 1779-82.
9. Furlong CE, Holland N, Richter RJ, Bradman A, Ho A, Eskenazi B. PON1 status of farmworker mothers and children as a predictor of organophosphate sensitivity. Pharmacogenet Genomics. 2006; 16: 183-90.
10. Lotti M. Clinical toxicology of anticholinesterase agents in humans. In: Krieger RI, editor. Handbook of pesticide toxicology. 2nd ed. San Diego: Academic Press; 2001. p. 1043-86.
11. Savolainen K. Understanding the toxic action of organophosphates. In: Krieger RI, editor. Handbook of Pesticide Toxicology. 2nd ed. San Diego: Academic Press; 2001. p. 1013-43.
12. Bigbee J W, Sharma KU. The adhesive role of acetylcholinesterase (AchE) : detection of AchE binding proteins in rate spinal cord. Neurochem Res. 2004; 29: 2043-50.
13. Gupta RC. Brain regional heterogeneity and toxicological mechanisms of organophosphates and carbamates. Toxicol Mech Meth. 2004; 14: 103-43.
14. Qiao D, Seidler FJ, Tate CA, Cousins MM, Slotkin TA. Fetal chlorpyrifos exposure: adverse effects on brain cell development and cholinergic biomarkers emerge postnatally and continue into adolescence and adulthood. Environ Health Perspect. 2003; 111: 536-44.
15. Slotkin TA. Guidelines for developmental neurotoxicity and theirimpacton organophosphate pesticides: a personal view from an academic perspective. Neurotoxicology. 2004; 25: 631-40.
16. Rauh VA, Perera FP, Horton MK, Whyatt RM, Bansal R, Hao X, et al. Brain anomalies in children exposed prenatally to a common organophosphate pesticide. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 2012; 109: 7871-6.
17. Miller M. Brain facts: A primer on the brain and nervous system. Washington, Society for Neuroscience. [internet.]. 2016. [updated 2016 Jun 28; cited 2017 Dec 10] Available from: https://www.brainfacts.org/the-brain-facts-book.
18. Sattler B, Davis del BA. Nurses’ role in children’s environmental health protection. Pediatric Nursing. 2008; 34: 329–39.
19. Rauh VA, Garfinkel R, Perera FP, Andrews Hf, Hoepner L, Barr DB, et al. Impact of prenatal chlopyrifos exposure on neurodevelopment in the first 3 years of life among inner-city children. Pediatrics. 2006; 118: e1845-59.
20. Rauh V, Arunnajadai S, Horton M, Perera, F, Hoepner L, Barr DB, et al. Seven-year neurodevelopmental scores and prenatal exposure to chlopyrifos, a common agricultural pesticide. Environ Health Perspect. 2011; 119: 1196-201.
21. Marks AR, Harley K, Bradman A, Koqut K, Barr DB, Johnson C, et al. Organophosphate pesticide exposure and attention in young Mexican-American children: the CHAMACOS study. Environ Health Perspect. 2010; 118: 1768-74.
22. Silver MK, Shao J, Zhu B, Chen M, Xia Y, Lozff B, et al. Prenatal naled and chlorpyrifos exposure is associated with deficits in infant motor function in a cohort of Chinese infants. Environ Int. 2017; 106: 248–56.
23. Chunsuwan I. Guideline of child development promotion in Thailand (0-10 year). In: Noiyayak P, Piyasil W, Ningsanon W, Ungthavorn P, editors. Guideline in child health supervision. Bangkok: Sapphasan; 2014. p. 21-8.
24. Ministry of Public Health. Developmental surveillance and promotion manual (DSPM). Nonthaburi: WVO officer of printing mill; 2017. p. 67-71.
25. Sirithongthaworn S. The development of developmental surveillance and promotion manual; DSPM. J Psychiatr Assoc Thailand. 2018; 63(1): 3-12.
26. Brazelton TB, Nugent K. Neonatal behavioral assessment scale. 3rd ed. London: Mac Keith Press; 1995.
27. Bayley N. Bayley scales of infant development. 2nd ed. San Antonio: Harcourt Assessment, Brace & Company; 1993.
28. Bayley N. Bayley scales of infant and toddler development: administration manual. 3rd ed. San Antonio: Harcourt Assessment; 2006.
29. Kotchabhakdi N, Lertawassadatrakul O. Training manual Denver 2-Thai version. 3rd Ed. Nakhon Pathom: Mahidol University; 2008.
30. Glascoe FP, Byme KE, Ashford LG, Johnson KL, Chang B, Strickland B. Accuracy of the Denver-II in developmental screening. Pediatrics. 1992; 89: 1221-5.
31. Folio MR, Fewell RR. Peabody developmental motor scales examiner’s manual. 2nd Ed. Austin: Pro-Ed; 2000.
32. Squires J, Twombly E, Bricker D, Potter L. The ASQ-3 user’s guide for ages and stages questionnaires. 3rd Ed. Baltimore: Paul H. Brookes Publishing; 2009.
33. Pichairakporn S, Ularntinon S. Concurrent Validity of the Ages & Stages Questionnaires, Third Edition (ASQ-3 Thai-version) with the Denver Developmental Screening Test II (Denver II) in developmental screening of children at 36, 48, and 60 months old. Thai J Pediatr. 2013; 52: 336-47.
34. Eskenazi B, Marks AR, Bradman A, Harley K, Barr DB, Johnson C, et al. Organophosphate pesticide exposure and neurodevelopment in young Mexican-American children. Environ Health Perspect. 2007; 115: 792–8.
35. Handal AJ, Harlow SD, Breilh J, Lozoff B. Occupational exposure to pesticides during pregnancy and neurobehavioral development of infants and toddlers. Epidemiology. 2008; 19: 851–9.
36. Kongtip P, Techasaensiri B, Nankongnab N, Adams J, Phamonphon A, Surach A, et al. The impact of prenatal organophosphate pesticide exposures on Thai infant neurodevelopment. Environ Res Public Health. 2017; 14: 1-12.