A review of recent possible targeting therapies on active, moderate to severe thyroid eye disease
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Published:
Jun 1, 2018
Keywords:
Thyroid eye disease target therapy
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Abstract
Thyroid eye disease (TED) is an autoimmune inflammatory disorder affecting the orbital tissue of which orbital fibroblast is the main target cell. Although the pathogenesis of TED is not fully understood, and corticosteroids are a standard treatment of active, moderate to severe TED, improved knowledge of TED pathogenesis has opened the way for other targeted therapies. The purpose for targeted therapy is to modify the course of TED and not just control the inflammation. The possible targets for future therapy are TSH receptor (TSH-R), IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R), and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) receptor, somatostatin receptor, B cell (CD20), T cell (CD3, CTLA4) and cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1, and interleukin-6).
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Chongpison, N. (2018). A review of recent possible targeting therapies on active, moderate to severe thyroid eye disease. Vajira Medical Journal : Journal of Urban Medicine, 62(3), 223–234. Retrieved from https://he02.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/VMED/article/view/195284
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Review Articles
References
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8. Wiersinga WM. Advances in treatment of active, moderate-to-severe Graves' ophthalmopathy. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2017;5(2):134-42.
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12. Bartalena L, Baldeschi L, Boboridis K, Eckstein A, Kahaly GJ, Marcocci C, et al. The 2016 European Thyroid Association/European Group on Graves’ Orbitopathy Guidelines for the Management of Graves’ Orbitopathy. Eur Thyroid J. 2016;5(1):9-26.
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14. Rundle FF, Wilson CW. Development and course of exophthalmos and ophthalmoplegia in Graves’ disease with special reference to the effect of thyroidectomy. Clinical science. 1945; 5(3-4):177-94.
15. Mourits MP, Prummel MF, Wiersinga WM, Koornneef L. Clinical activity score as a guide in the management of patients with Graves’ ophthalmopathy. Clinical endocrinology. 1997;47(1):9-14.
16. Weissel M. Selenium and the course of mild Graves’ orbitopathy. The New England journal of medicine. 2011;365(8):769-70; author reply 70-1.
17. Bartalena L, Krassas GE, Wiersinga W, Marcocci C, Salvi M, Daumerie C, et al. Efficacy and safety of three different cumulative doses of intravenous methylprednisolone for moderate to severe and active Graves’ orbitopathy. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism. 2012; 97(12):4454-63.
18. Bartalena L, Marcocci C, Chiovato L, Laddaga M, Lepri G, Andreani D, et al. Orbital cobalt irradiation combined with systemic corticosteroids for Graves’ ophthalmopathy: comparison with systemic corticosteroids alone. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism. 1983;56(6):1139-44.
19. Mourits MP, van Kempen-Harteveld ML, Garcia MB, Koppeschaar HP, Tick L, Terwee CB. Radiotherapy for Graves’ orbitopathy: randomised placebo-controlled study. Lancet (London, England). 2000;355(9214):1505-9.
20. Bartalena L, Baldeschi L, Dickinson A, Eckstein A, Kendall-Taylor P, Marcocci C, et al. Consensus statement of the European Group on Graves’ orbitopathy (EUGOGO) on management of GO. European journal of endocrinology. 2008;158(3):273-85.
21. Furmaniak J, Sanders J, Nunez Miguel R, Rees Smith B. Mechanisms of Action of TSHR Autoantibodies. Horm Metab Res. 2015;47(10):735-52.
22. Morshed SA, Davies TF. Graves' Disease Mechanisms: The Role of Stimulating, Blocking, and Cleavage Region TSH Receptor Antibodies. Horm Metab Res. 2015;47(10):727-34.
23. Smith TJ, Hegedus L, Douglas RS. Role of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) pathway in the pathogenesis of Graves' orbitopathy. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2012;26(3):291-302.
24. Chen H, Mester T, Raychaudhuri N, Kauh CY, Gupta S, Smith TJ, et al. Teprotumumab, an IGF- 1R blocking monoclonal antibody inhibits TSH and IGF-1 action in fibrocytes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2014;99(9):E1635-40.
25. Smith TJ, Kahaly GJ, Ezra DG, Fleming JC, Dailey RA, Tang RA, et al. Teprotumumab for Thyroid-Associated Ophthalmopathy. N Engl J Med. 2017;376(18):1748-61.
26. Piantanida E, Bartalena L. Teprotumumab: a new avenue for the management of moderateto-severe and active Graves' orbitopathy? J Endocrinol Invest. 2017;40(8):885-7.
27. Kim TD, Rea D, Schwarz M, Grille P, Nicolini FE, Rosti G, et al. Peripheral artery occlusive disease in chronic phase chronic myeloid leukemia patients treated with nilotinib or imatinib. Leukemia. 2013;27(6):1316-21.
28. Salvi M, Vannucchi G, Beck-Peccoz P. Potential utility of rituximab for Graves' orbitopathy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2013;98(11):4291-9.
29. Stan MN, Garrity JA, Carranza Leon BG, Prabin T, Bradley EA, Bahn RS. Randomized controlled trial of rituximab in patients with Graves' orbitopathy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2015; 100(2):432-41.
30. Salvi M, Vannucchi G, Curro N, Campi I, Covelli D, Dazzi D, et al. Efficacy of B-cell targeted therapy with rituximab in patients with active moderate to severe Graves' orbitopathy: a randomized controlled study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2015;100(2):422-31.
31. Stan MN, Salvi M. MANAGEMENT OF ENDOCRINE DISEASE: Rituximab therapy for Graves' orbitopathy - lessons from randomized control trials. Eur J Endocrinol. 2017;176(2):R101-r9.
32. Paridaens D, van den Bosch WA, van der Loos TL, Krenning EP, van Hagen PM. The effect of etanercept on Graves' ophthalmopathy: a pilot study. Eye (Lond). 2005;19(12):1286-9.
33. Perez-Moreiras JV, Alvarez-Lopez A, Gomez EC. Treatment of active corticosteroid-resistant graves' orbitopathy. Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg. 2014;30(2):162-7.
2. Marcocci C, Bartalena L, Bogazzi F, Panicucci M, Pinchera A. Studies on the occurrence of ophthalmopathy in Graves' disease. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh). 1989;120(4):473-8.
3. Tanda ML, Piantanida E, Liparulo L, Veronesi G, Lai A, Sassi L, et al. Prevalence and natural history of Graves' orbitopathy in a large series of patients with newly diagnosed graves' hyperthyroidism seen at a single center. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2013;98(4):1443-9.
4. Khong JJ, McNab AA, Ebeling PR, Craig JE, Selva D. Pathogenesis of thyroid eye disease: review and update on molecular mechanisms. Br J Ophthalmol. 2016;100(1):142-50.
5. Kazim M, Goldberg RA, Smith TJ. Insights into the pathogenesis of thyroid-associated orbitopathy: evolving rationale for therapy. Arch Ophthalmol. 2002;120(3):380-6.
6. Smith TJ. Orbital fibroblasts exhibit a novel pattern of responses to proinflammatory cytokines: potential basis for the pathogenesis of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy. Thyroid. 2002;12(3):197-203.
7. Virakul S, Dalm VA, Paridaens D, van den Bosch WA, Hirankarn N, van Hagen PM, et al. The tyrosine kinase inhibitor dasatinib effectively blocks PDGF-induced orbital fibroblast activation. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2014;252(7):1101-9.
8. Wiersinga WM. Advances in treatment of active, moderate-to-severe Graves' ophthalmopathy. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2017;5(2):134-42.
9. Pasquali D, Vassallo P, Esposito D, Bonavolonta G, Bellastella A, Sinisi AA. Somatostatin receptor gene expression and inhibitory effects of octreotide on primary cultures of orbital fibroblasts from Graves' ophthalmopathy. J Mol Endocrinol. 2000;25(1):63-71.
10. Smith TJ, Koumas L, Gagnon A, Bell A, Sempowski GD, Phipps RP, et al. Orbital fibroblast heterogeneity may determine the clinical presentation of thyroid - associated ophthalmopathy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002;87(1):385-92.
11. Salvi M, Campi I. Medical Treatment of Graves' Orbitopathy. Horm Metab Res. 2015;47(10):779-88.
12. Bartalena L, Baldeschi L, Boboridis K, Eckstein A, Kahaly GJ, Marcocci C, et al. The 2016 European Thyroid Association/European Group on Graves’ Orbitopathy Guidelines for the Management of Graves’ Orbitopathy. Eur Thyroid J. 2016;5(1):9-26.
13. Menconi F, Profilo MA, Leo M, Sisti E, Altea MA, Rocchi R, et al. Spontaneous improvement of Vajira Medical Journal: Journal of Urban Medicine Vol. 62 No. 3 May - June 2018 untreated mild Graves’ ophthalmopathy: Rundle’s curve revisited. Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association. 2014;24(1):60-6.
14. Rundle FF, Wilson CW. Development and course of exophthalmos and ophthalmoplegia in Graves’ disease with special reference to the effect of thyroidectomy. Clinical science. 1945; 5(3-4):177-94.
15. Mourits MP, Prummel MF, Wiersinga WM, Koornneef L. Clinical activity score as a guide in the management of patients with Graves’ ophthalmopathy. Clinical endocrinology. 1997;47(1):9-14.
16. Weissel M. Selenium and the course of mild Graves’ orbitopathy. The New England journal of medicine. 2011;365(8):769-70; author reply 70-1.
17. Bartalena L, Krassas GE, Wiersinga W, Marcocci C, Salvi M, Daumerie C, et al. Efficacy and safety of three different cumulative doses of intravenous methylprednisolone for moderate to severe and active Graves’ orbitopathy. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism. 2012; 97(12):4454-63.
18. Bartalena L, Marcocci C, Chiovato L, Laddaga M, Lepri G, Andreani D, et al. Orbital cobalt irradiation combined with systemic corticosteroids for Graves’ ophthalmopathy: comparison with systemic corticosteroids alone. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism. 1983;56(6):1139-44.
19. Mourits MP, van Kempen-Harteveld ML, Garcia MB, Koppeschaar HP, Tick L, Terwee CB. Radiotherapy for Graves’ orbitopathy: randomised placebo-controlled study. Lancet (London, England). 2000;355(9214):1505-9.
20. Bartalena L, Baldeschi L, Dickinson A, Eckstein A, Kendall-Taylor P, Marcocci C, et al. Consensus statement of the European Group on Graves’ orbitopathy (EUGOGO) on management of GO. European journal of endocrinology. 2008;158(3):273-85.
21. Furmaniak J, Sanders J, Nunez Miguel R, Rees Smith B. Mechanisms of Action of TSHR Autoantibodies. Horm Metab Res. 2015;47(10):735-52.
22. Morshed SA, Davies TF. Graves' Disease Mechanisms: The Role of Stimulating, Blocking, and Cleavage Region TSH Receptor Antibodies. Horm Metab Res. 2015;47(10):727-34.
23. Smith TJ, Hegedus L, Douglas RS. Role of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) pathway in the pathogenesis of Graves' orbitopathy. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2012;26(3):291-302.
24. Chen H, Mester T, Raychaudhuri N, Kauh CY, Gupta S, Smith TJ, et al. Teprotumumab, an IGF- 1R blocking monoclonal antibody inhibits TSH and IGF-1 action in fibrocytes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2014;99(9):E1635-40.
25. Smith TJ, Kahaly GJ, Ezra DG, Fleming JC, Dailey RA, Tang RA, et al. Teprotumumab for Thyroid-Associated Ophthalmopathy. N Engl J Med. 2017;376(18):1748-61.
26. Piantanida E, Bartalena L. Teprotumumab: a new avenue for the management of moderateto-severe and active Graves' orbitopathy? J Endocrinol Invest. 2017;40(8):885-7.
27. Kim TD, Rea D, Schwarz M, Grille P, Nicolini FE, Rosti G, et al. Peripheral artery occlusive disease in chronic phase chronic myeloid leukemia patients treated with nilotinib or imatinib. Leukemia. 2013;27(6):1316-21.
28. Salvi M, Vannucchi G, Beck-Peccoz P. Potential utility of rituximab for Graves' orbitopathy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2013;98(11):4291-9.
29. Stan MN, Garrity JA, Carranza Leon BG, Prabin T, Bradley EA, Bahn RS. Randomized controlled trial of rituximab in patients with Graves' orbitopathy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2015; 100(2):432-41.
30. Salvi M, Vannucchi G, Curro N, Campi I, Covelli D, Dazzi D, et al. Efficacy of B-cell targeted therapy with rituximab in patients with active moderate to severe Graves' orbitopathy: a randomized controlled study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2015;100(2):422-31.
31. Stan MN, Salvi M. MANAGEMENT OF ENDOCRINE DISEASE: Rituximab therapy for Graves' orbitopathy - lessons from randomized control trials. Eur J Endocrinol. 2017;176(2):R101-r9.
32. Paridaens D, van den Bosch WA, van der Loos TL, Krenning EP, van Hagen PM. The effect of etanercept on Graves' ophthalmopathy: a pilot study. Eye (Lond). 2005;19(12):1286-9.
33. Perez-Moreiras JV, Alvarez-Lopez A, Gomez EC. Treatment of active corticosteroid-resistant graves' orbitopathy. Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg. 2014;30(2):162-7.