Risk Factors Associated with Specific Language Impairment in Preschool Children at Division of Developmental and Behavioural Paediatrics Faculty of Medicine Vajira Hospital: A Matched Case-Control Study
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Abstract
Objective: To investigate risk factors associated with specific language impairment (SLI) in preschool children
Methods: A matched case-control study was performed from medical record at division of Developmental and Behavioural Paediatrics, faculty of medicine Vajira Hospital. Cases were 40 children with SLI aged 1-6 years attending the hospital between February 2013 and November 2017. Controls were 40 children with normal language development. Cases and controls were matched pairwise for age (± 6 months) and sex. Multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted to analyse factors associated with specific language impairment.
Results: There were statistically significant differences between the two comparing groups in biological and environmental factors which were maternal illness (ORadj = 8.04, 95%CI: 1.19-54.35), family history (ORadj = 18.86, 95%CI: 1.06-335.3), and maternal occupation ORadj = 0.05, 95%CI: 0.01-0.62).
Conclusion: The results suggested that maternal illness, family history, and maternal occupation were associated with SLI. Healthcare professionals should be educated on the healthcare of the mother during pregnancy to prevent illness that can affect the development of the fetus. If the mother needs medication during pregnancy, they should advise the use of medicines to avoid the disability that may occur to the mother and fetus. Besides, healthcare professionals should take a history taking, including identifying data and family history to plan the childrearing or the possibility of encountering SLI. Furthermore, parent education about child development should be provided to parents every time they bring the child to be vaccinated for parents to have the knowledge, understanding, and the ability to encourage child development appropriately. Also, the growth and development of children should be monitored periodically, which is essential surveillance and screening for those children at risk to start speech and language services as soon as possible, which may enhance language development.
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