Factors Influencing Food Security of the Elderly in Raman District, Yala Province

Abstract

            This research was the predictive correlational study. In this study, the theory was applied as conceptual framework which consisted of 3 systems; individual factor (micro system), family factor (mesosystem) and social factor (exosystem). The research aimed 1) to study the individual, family and social factors of the elderly, 2) to assess the level of food security of the elderly, and 3) to analyze the factors affecting food security of the elderly in Raman District, Yala Province. The sample consisted of 198 older people (aged 60 – 80 years old). The research tool was an interview questionnaire. Descriptive statistics was analyzed and presented by percentage, mean (M), median (Med) and standard deviation (SD) for general characteristics, including the level of study factor and food security. Hierarchical multiple regression was used to examine the factors affecting food security of the elderly. Personal factors (microsystem) showed that most of the elderly were female (59.10%) and married (75.80%). The assessment of family factors (mesosystem) found that the average income was 7472.22 Baht, and the median for the number of family members was 5 persons. For social factors (exosystem), the level of social support was low (M=0.65, SD=0.16). The level of food security among the elderly was moderate (M=0.77, SD=0.10). The number of family member (Beta=-.182) could be only used to predict factor influencing food security at 3 % (R²=0.030, p<0.001). Further study should develop household food security program by allowing elderly and community to participate in this program. This will lead to policy planning and developing information and public health service system in community for complete aged society in the future.