Six Sigma: in Pursuit of Zero Tolerance in Anesthesia

Main Article Content

Saranya Lertkovit
Aree Sangsai
Orawan Supapueng
Phongthara Vichitvejpaisal

Abstract

In statistics, the standard deviation or sigma is a measure of dispersion of a set of data that deviates from the mean, where Six Sigma covers 99.99966% of the area under a symmetrical inverted bell-shaped curve or a normal distribution of variables. Amidst the advancement of technology, this should allow 3.4 defects per million opportunities in manufacturing business. The principle behind Six Sigma is define, measure, analysis, improvement and control in every step for accomplishment and sustainability. In healthcare services, Six Sigma plays role to improve the quality standard of medical facilities by lessen complications for the pleasantness of patients; under reasonable expenses and economical use of resources. Academically approved, the clinical practice guidelines in anesthesia are appropriate for its applications of Six Sigma in procedural process. The ultimate goal of this performance is for the benefits of patient safety and life return to normal with happiness.

Article Details

Section
Review articles

References

MacLeod C. James Watt (1736-1819): culture, innovation, and enlightenment. Midland History. 2020 [cited 2021 Jan 07]; 45:3:388-90. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1080/0047729X.2020.1814642.

Cowan RS. Francis Galton’s statistical ideas: the influence of eugenics. Isis. 1972;63:509-28.

Mullee MA. How to choose and use a calculator. In: How to do it 2. BMJ Publishing Group. 1995: 58-62.

Pyzdek T, Keller PA. The Six Sigma Handbook, 4th Edition. McGraw-Hill Education: New York, 2014. [cited 2021 Jan 07]. Available from: https://www.accessengineeringlibrary.com/content/book/9780071840538 2014.

มหาวิทยาลัยสงขลานครินทร์. Six Sigma. เข้าถึงได้จาก: http://www.mim.psu.ac.th/index.php/2-uncategorised/87-six-sigma.

Kumar P. Everything you need to know about what is Six Sigma. Last updated on Dec 18, 2020 [cited 2021 Jan 05]. Available from: https://www.simplilearn.com/what-is-six-sigma-a-complete-overview-article.

พรหมพชร เกตดี. Six Sigma. 2551 [เข้าถึงเมื่อ 7 มกราคม 2564]. เข้าถึงได้จาก: https://www.gotoknow.org/posts/219109.

Zhuo Z. Research on using Six Sigma management to improve bank customer satisfaction. Int J Qual Innov. 2019;5.

ปิยนันท์ สวัสดิ์ศฤงฆาร. Six Sigma: แนวคิดและการนำไปปฏิบัติ. 2563 [เข้าถึงเมื่อ 7 มกราคม 2564]. เข้าถึงได้จาก: https://drpiyanan.com/2020/10/10/6-sigma-principles/.

Wikipedia. ซิกส์ซิกมา. เข้าถึงได้จาก: https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/ซิกส์ซิกมา.

Varughese AM, Buck DW, Lane-Fall BM, Heitmiller ES. Quality improvement in anesthesia practice and patient safety. In: Gropper MA, Miller RD, editors. Miller’s anesthesia, 9th edition. Philadelphia: Elsevier, Inc. 2020;p.84-104.

Bertolaccini L, Viti A, Terzi A. The statistical point of view of quality: the Lean Six Sigma methodology. J Thorac Dis. 2015;7:E66-8.

Mason SE, Nicolay CR, Darzi A. The use of Lean and Six Sigma methodologies in surgery: a systematic review. Surgeon. 2015;13:91-100.

Polanski WH, Martin KD, Günther S, et al. Application of the Six Sigma concept for quality assessment of different strategies in DBS surgery. Int J Qual Health Care. 2018;30:760-8.

Lee JY, McFadden KL, Gowen CR 3rd. An exploratory analysis for Lean and Six Sigma implementation in hospitals: together is better? Health Care Manage Rev. 2018;43:182-92.

Niñerola A, Sánchez-Rebull MV, Hernández-Lara AB. Quality improvement in healthcare: Six Sigma systematic review. Health Policy. 2020;124:438-45.

Inal TC, Ozturk OG, Kibar F, et al. Lean six sigma methodologies improve clinical laboratory efficiency and reduce turnaround times. J Clin Lab Anal. 2018;32:e22180.

Liu Q, Fu M, Yang F, et al. Application of Six Sigma for evaluating the analytical quality of tumor marker assays. J Clin Lab Anal. 2019;33:e22682.

Manser T. Teamwork and patient safety in dynamic domains of healthcare: a review of the literature. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2009;53:143-51.

Weller JM, Merry AF. I. Best practice and patient safety in anaesthesia. Br J Anaesth. 2013;110:671-3.

Rinehardt EK, Sivarajan M. Costs and wastes in anesthesia care. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol. 2012;25:221-5.

Cançado TOB, Cançado FB, Torres MLA. Lean Six Sigma and anesthesia. Rev Bras Anestesiol. 2019;69:502-9.

Roberts RJ, Wilson AE, Quezado Z. Using Lean Six Sigma methodology to improve quality of the anesthesia supply chain in a pediatric hospital. Anesth Analg. 2017;124:922-4.

Stoelting RK. The anesthesia patient safety foundation: pioneering success in safety but challenges remain. Anaesth Pain Intens Care. 2013;17:109-10.

Gaba DM. Anaesthesiology as a model for patient safety in health care. BMJ. 2000;320:785-8.

American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA). Basic standards for preanesthesia care. December 13, 2020 (original approval: October 14, 1987). Available: https://www.asahq.org/standards-and-guidelines/basic-standards-for-preanesthesia-care.

American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA). Standards for basic anesthetic monitoring. December 13, 2020 (last amended October 20, 2010) (original approval: October 21, 1986). Available: https://www.asahq.org/standards-and-guidelines/standards-for-basic-anesthetic-monitoring.

สมรัตน์ จารุลักษณานันท์, ยอดยิ่ง ปัญจสวัสดิ์วงศ์, ศิริพร ปิติมานะอารี, และคนอื่นๆ. โครงการวิจัยสหสถาบัน เรื่อง การศึกษาอัตราการเสียชีวิต และภาวะแทรกซ้อน ทางวิสัญญีจากการรายงานอุบัติการณ์ในประเทศไทย. สถาบันวิจัยระบบสาธารณสุข (สวรส.); 2560. เข้าถึงได้จาก: http://hdl.handle.net/11228/4844”>http://hdl.handle.net/11228/4844.

American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA). Standards for postanesthesia care. October 23, 2019 (original approval: October 27, 2004). Available: https://www.asahq.org/standards-and-guidelines/standards-for-postanesthesia-care.