Intravenous Sedation: Advantages and Disadvantages

Abstract

Sedation is the reduction of irritability or agitation by administration of sedoanalgesic drugs, generally to facilitate a medical procedure or diagnostic procedure. It is explainable as a tailored method to the patient, based on anxiety level and pain aimed at achieving optimal sedation and analgesia for performing noninvasive and minimally invasive procedures. Principally, sedation is conducted in circumstances outside of the operating room such as emergency, dentistry, radiology, and gastrointestinal endoscopy.1 It is classically used for ambulatory and minor surgical procedures. In-hospital sedation in the academic center tends to be more common. The American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) created the guideline and definition of procedural sedation.2 Minimal (mild) sedation: Patient generally responds to the verbal command. Cardiores- piratory functions are unchanged. Minimal sedation does not invoke the monitoring requirements define in this policy. Moderate (conscious) sedation: Patient responds insistently to the verbal command or light tactile stimulation. In addition, the inter-ventions are not needed to maintain the patent airway. The cardiorespiratory functions are sufficient and also usually preserved. Deep sedation: Patient responds persistently to repeated or painful stimulation. The capacity to preserve respiratory function may be diminished. In addition, the patient may necessitate support in maintaining the airway and spontaneous respiration may be insufficient. However, the cardiovascular function is generally preserved. General anesthesia: Patient does not response to the painful stimulus. The cardio- respiratory functions are usually reduced and the patients commonly demand the support in maintaining the airway. Additionally, the positive pressure ventilations may be needed.