Drug Interactions and Adverse Effects of Cannabis
Abstract
With the legalization of cannabis in Thailand, the widespread use for both medical and recreational purposes have increased. Delta-9-tetra-hydrocannabinol (THC) is the most potent psychoactive product. The effects of cannabis are difficult to expect because they depend on both THC concentration and the route of delivery. Cannabidiol (CBD) is not psychoactive, and is a product marketed for antianxiety and chronic pain problems.1 However, cannabis can have adverse effects on several systems including central nervous system (CNS), cardiovascular system, respiratory system, and others.2 In addition, cannabis use is associated with several acute and long-term effects on health. It can induce acute effects for which some consumers seek medical attention, including nausea, vomiting, gastrointestinal and psychiatric complaints, and acute cardiovascular events.3 In 2023, the periprocedural consideration of cannabis and cannabinoids users for anesthesia is published by the Royal College of Anesthesiologists of Thailand.
References
Amornyotin S. Cannabis: what anesthesiologists need to know? Thai J Anesthesiol. 2022;48:177-9.
Amornyotin S. Cannabis and endocannabinoid system. J Add Med Ther Sci. 2021;7:004-6.
Desai R, Fong HK, Shah K, et al. Rising trends in hospitalizations for cardiovascular events among young cannabis users (18-39 years) without other substance abuse. Medicina. 2019;55:438.
Lopera V, Rodríguez A, Amariles P. Clinical relevance of drug interactions with cannabis: a systematic review. J Clin Med. 2022;11:1154.
Cox EJ, Maharao N, Patilea-Vrana G, et al. A marijuana-drug interaction primer: precipitants, pharmacology, and pharmacokinetics. Pharmacol Ther. 2019;201:25-38.
Alsherbiny MA, Li CG. Medicinal cannabis-potential drug interactions. Medicines. 2019;6:3.
Antoniou T, Bodkin J, Ho JMW. Drug interactions with cannabinoids. CMAJ. 2020;192:E206.
Axiyan M, Adedinsewo D, Agasthi P, Onwuanyi A. Cardiovascular disease among US adult marijuana users: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2011-2012. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2015;65(10S):A1425.
Aldington S, Williams M, Nowitz M, et al. Effects of cannabis on pulmonary structure, function and symptoms. Thorax. 2007;62:1058-63.
Drummer OH, Gerostamoulos J, Batziris H, et al. The involvement of drugs in drivers of motor vehicles killed in Australian road traffic crashes. Accid Anal Prev. 2004;36:239-48.
Grotenhermen F. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of cannabinoid. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2003;42:327-60.
Huizink AC, Mulder EJH. Maternal smoking, drinking or cannabis use during pregnancy and neurobehavioral and cognitive functioning in human offspring. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2006;30:24-41.
Arseneault L, Cannon M, Poulton R, Murray R, Caspi A, Moffitt TE. Cannabis use in adolescence and risk for adult psychosis: longitudinal prospective study. BMJ. 2002;325:1212-3.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Copyright
Copyright of all articles published in the Thai Journal of Anesthesiology is held by the Thai Journal of Anesthesiology, the Royal College of Anesthesiologists of Thailand. Submission of a manuscript constitutes the authors' agreement that, upon acceptance for publication, copyright of the work is transferred to the Journal. The content and any opinions expressed in published articles are the sole responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the editorial board or the Royal College of Anesthesiologists of Thailand.
Licensing
All articles are published open access under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Under this license, anyone may copy and redistribute published articles in any medium or format for non-commercial purposes, provided that appropriate credit is given to the authors and to the Thai Journal of Anesthesiology as the original source of publication, a link to the license is included, and the material is not modified in any way. Requests for commercial use or for adaptation of published material should be directed to the editorial office.
Authors' Rights
Although copyright is held by the Journal, authors retain the right to reuse their own published material in their future scholarly works, theses and dissertations, teaching, and academic presentations, and to deposit the final published version (PDF) in institutional or subject repositories or on personal and institutional websites, without embargo, provided that the Thai Journal of Anesthesiology is clearly acknowledged as the original place of publication.
