Fear of Childbirth among Adolescent Postpartum Mothers and Related Factors
Keywords:
Fear of Childbirth, Adolescent Postpartum Mothers, Related FactorAbstract
Pregnancy and childbirth among adolescents are maturational crises because adolescence is the age which is not physically and psychologically mature. This causes fear of childbirth. The purposes of this descriptive correlational research were to explore fear of childbirth among adolescent postpartum mothers and related factors. The samples included 90 adolescent mothers experiencing normal labor. The research tools were: the Wijma Delivery Expectancy/Experience Questionnaire (W-DEQ) Version B, which was translated into Thai by Nantaporn Sansiriphun (2013); the State Anxiety Inventory (STAI) Form Y-1 by Spielberger et al., which was translated into Thai by Nontasak, Aemsupasit, and Thapinta (1991); the Self-esteem Scale by Rosenberg, which was translated into Thai by Soomlek (1995), modified by Niramitpasa (2008); the Bryanton Adaptation of the Nursing Support in Labor Questionnaire (BANSILQ), which was translated into Thai by Chavee Baosoung and Kannika Kantaruksa (2012); and the numeric pain rating scale (Melzack & Kauz, 1999). Descriptive statistics and Pearson's product moment correlation were used to analyze the data.
The results revealed that adolescent postpartum mother’s fear of childbirth was at a severe level (x̅ = 77.30, SD = 25.55). Additionally, it was found that pain during labor was moderately positively correlated with fear of childbirth (r = .421, p < 0.01). Self-esteem was moderately negatively correlated with fear of childbirth (r = -.581, p < .01). State anxiety was highly positively correlated with fear of childbirth (r = .818, p < .01). Moreover, nursing support in labor were moderately negatively correlated with fear of childbirth (r = -.581, p < .01)
These findings suggest that every adolescent postpartum mothers should be assessed for fear of childbirth. Nurses and midwives should develop strategies to decrease fear of childbirth by reducing labor pain and anxiety, promoting self-esteem, and supporting adolescent females in labor.
References
Anderson, C., & McGuinness, T. (2008). Do teenage mothers experience childbirth as traumatic?. Journal Of Psychosocial Nursing & Mental Health Services, 46(4), 21-24
Alehagen, S., Wijma, K., & Wijma, B. (2001). Fear during labor. Acta Obstetriciaet Gynecologica Scandinavica, 80(4), 315-320.
Baosuang, C.,Kantaruksa, K. (2012). Bryanton Adaptation of the Nursing Support in Labor Questionnaire (BANSILQ). Personal communication.(In Thai)
Chulay M & Burns SM. (2005). AACN Essentials of Critical Care Nursing. New York, Mcgrow-Hill.
Chuahom, U., Sripichyakarn, K., Tungpunkom, P., Klunklin, A., & Kennedy, H. P.(2006). Fear and suffering during childbirth among Thai woman. Thai Journal Nursing Reseach, 11(1), 49-61
Eriksson, C., Westman, G., & Hamberg, K. (2005). Experiential factors associated with childbirth-related fear in Swedish women and men: A population based study. Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 26(1), 63–72.
Fenwick , J., Gamble, J., Nathan, E., Bayes, S., & Hauck, Y. (2009). Pre and postpartum levels of childbirth fear and the relationship to birth outcomes in cohort of Australian women. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 18(5), 667-677.
Hofberg, K., & Ward, M.R. (2003). Fear of pregnancy and childbirth. Postgraduate Medical Journal,79, 505-510.
Lowdermilk, D.L., Perry, S., Cashion, K., Alden, K.R. & Olshansky, E. (2016). Maternity &
women’s health care. (11th ed.) St. Louis: Mosby.
Melender, H. L. (2002). Fear and coping strategies associated with pregnancy and childbirth in Finland. Journal of Midwifery & Women’s health, 47(4), 256-263.
Melzack, R., & Kauz, J. (1999). Pain mechanism: A new theory. Science, 150, 974-977.
Neumpadcha, C., Anusornteerakul, S., & Ungpansattawong, S. (2011). The relationships between fear of Childbirth, labour pain and pospartum fatigue. Journal of Nursing Science & Health, 34(4), 56-64 (In Thai)
Niramitpasa, J. (2008). Personal factors, self-esteem, social support, and psychosocial adjustment women with advanced age. (Unpublished master’s thesis). University of Mahidol, Bangkok, Thailand. (In Thai)
Pillitteri A. (2013). Maternal & child health nursing care of the childbearing & childrearing family. (6thed). Philadelphia: Lippincott William & Wilkins.
Polit, D. F. (2010). Statistics and data analysis for nursing research (2nd ed.). New Jersey: Pearson Education Inc.
Phoeiklang, P., Parisunyakul, S., & Sansiriphun, N. (2016). Factors predicting fear of childbirth among postpartum women. Nursing Journal. 43(4). 44-45 (In Thai)
Reid, V., & Meadows-Oliver, M. (2007). Postpartum depression in adolescent mothers: An integrative review of the literature. Journal of Pediatric Health Care. 21. 289-298.
Ryding, E. L., Wijma, B., Wijma, K., & Redhstrom, H. (1998).Fear of childbirth during pregnancy may increase the risk of emergency cesarean section. Acta Obstetriciaet Gynecologica Scandinavica, 77(5), 542-547.
Ryding, E.L., Wirfelt, E., Wangborg, I., Sjogren, B., & Edman, G. (2007). Personality and fear of
childbirth. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica, 86, 812-820.
Saisto, T., Salmela-Aro, K., Nurmi, J. E., & Halmesmaki, E. (2001). Psychosochial characteristics of women and their partner fearing vaginal childbirth. Brtish Journal of Obstertrics and Gynaecology, 108(5), 492-498.
Saisto, T., & Halmesmaki, E. (2003). Fear of childbirth: A neglected dilemma. Acta Obstetriciaet Gynecologica Scandinavica, 82(3), 201-208.
Sansiriphun, N. (2013). Fear of childbirth. Nursing Journal. 40(Supplement January). 103-112(In Thai)
Soomlek, S. (1995). A causal model of maternal role mastery among firth time mother. (Unpublished doctor dissertation). University of Mahidol, Bangkok, Thailand. (In Thai)
Thapinta, D. (1991). Reduction of anxiety of staff nurses working with AIDSPatients through cognitive reconstructuring and mindfulness training. (Unpublished master’s thesis). Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand. (In Thai)
Wijma, K., Wijma, B., & Zar, M. (1998). Psychometric aspects of the W-DEQ: A new questionnaire for the measurement of fear of childbirth. Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 19(2), 84-87.
Zar, M., Wijma, K., & Wijma, B. (2001). Pre and postpartum fear of childbirth in nulliparous and
parous women. Scandinavian Journal of Behaviour Therapy, 30(2): 75-84.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
บทความที่ได้รับการตีพิมพ์เป็นลิขสิทธิ์ของวารสารพยาบาลสาร
ข้อความที่ปรากฏในบทความแต่ละเรื่องในวารสารวิชาการเล่มนี้เป็นความคิดเห็นส่วนตัวของผู้เขียนแต่ละท่านไม่เกี่ยวข้องกับมหาวิทยาลัยเชียงใหม่ และคณาจารย์ท่านอื่นๆในมหาวิทยาลัยฯ แต่อย่างใด ความรับผิดชอบองค์ประกอบทั้งหมดของบทความแต่ละเรื่องเป็นของผู้เขียนแต่ละท่าน หากมีความผิดพลาดใด ๆ ผู้เขียนแต่ละท่านจะรับผิดชอบบทความของตนเองแต่ผู้เดียว
