Depression, Alcohol Drinking Behaviors, and Suicidal Risks of Adolescents
Keywords:
Depression, Alcohol drinking behaviors, Suicidal risks, AdolescentsAbstract
The suicidal risks of adolescents are a major problem affecting the lives of Thai adolescents and increasing violence in the current world situation. The purpose of this descriptive correlational research study was to explore depression, alcohol drinking behaviors, and suicidal risks of adolescents. The samples were selected by following the inclusion criteria and the multi-stage random sampling which consisted of 375 adolescents ages 12-21 years old, both male and female. They received services at mental health and psychiatric clinics in 24 community hospitals in the northern region of Thailand, from May to August 2017. The research tools were, the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Structure Interview [M.I.N.I.] Suicidality part, the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale [CES-D] and the Alcohol Use Identification Test [AUDIT]. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Spearman rank correlation coefficient.
The results of the study were as follows:
- 1. Sixty-four percent of adolescents who received services at mental health and psychiatric clinics in community hospitals experienced depression.
- 2. Almost 86% (85.60%) of the adolescents who received services at mental health and psychiatric clinics in community hospitals exhibited alcohol drinking behaviors. For this category, there were adolescents who experienced the following levels of drinking: harmful use, hazardous, and low risk; 8.69%, 53.72%, and 31.98% respectively.
- 3. Almost 68% (67.73%) of the adolescents who received services at mental health and psychiatric clinics in community hospitals experienced suicidal risk. For this category, there are adolescents who experienced the following levels of suicidal risks: severe, moderate, and mild; 16.14%, 33.46%, and 50.40% respectively.
- 4. There was a moderate positive correlation of depression with suicidal risks (r = .462,
p < .01).
- 5. There was a moderate positive correlation of alcohol drinking behaviors with suicidal risks (r = .301, p < .01).
The results can help mental health personnel as well as provide a guid for surveillance, screening depression and alcohol drinking behaviors. This can also be used as a basis for prevention and suicidal risks reduction among Thai adolescents who receive services at mental health and psychiatric clinics in community hospitals.
References
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Akwarangkoon, S., Petsirason, R., & Noonill, N., (2006). Relationships between Depression and Suicide Risk among High school Thai student in Nakhon Si Thammarat Province. Thai Journal of Nursing, 55(1-4), 31-42. (InThai)
Akwarangkoon, S. (Editor). (2015). Psychiatric-mental health nursing and art to Practice 1. Mahawitthayalai Walailak: Time Printing. (InThai)
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Gau, S. S. F., Chen, Y. Y., Tsai, F. J., Lee, M. B., Chiu, Y. N., Soong, W. T., & Hwu, H. G. (2008). Risk factors for suicide in Taiwanese college students. Journal of American College Health, 57(2), 135-142. Gau, S. S. F., Chen, Y. Y., Tsai, F. J., Lee, M. B., Chiu, Y. N., Soong, W. T., & Hwu, H. G. (2008). Risk factors for suicide in Taiwanese college students. Journal of American College Health, 57(2), 135-142. (InThai)
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Halter, J. H., Varcarolis, E. M., & Shoemaker, N. C. (2010). Foundations of psychiatric mental health nursing: A clinical approach, 212-245. (InThai)
Harris, E. C., & Barraclough, B. (1997). Suicide as an outcome for mental disorders. A meta-analysis. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 170(3), 205-228. (InThai)
Hawton, K., Simkin, S., & Fagg, J. (1997). Deliberate selfharm in alcohol and drug misusers: patient characteristics and patterns of clinical care. Drug and alcohol review, 16(2), 123-129. (InThai)
Halter, J. H., Varcarolis, E. M., & Shoemaker, N. C. (2010). Foundations of psychiatric mental health nursing: A clinical approach, 212-245.
Harris, E. C., & Barraclough, B. (1997). Suicide as an outcome for mental disorders. A meta-analysis. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 170(3), 205-228.
Jiang, Y., Pearlman, D. N., Hill, J., & Viner-Brown, S. (2016). Surveillance of suicide and suicide attempts among Rhode Island youth using multiple data sources. Rhode Island medical journal (2013), 99(12), 53-56. (InThai)
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Kantawong, E., Lirtmunlikaporn, S., & Unahalekhaka, A. (2015). Development of Alcohol Drinking Prevention among Secondary School Students Using School Participation. Nursing Journal, 42(3), 135-146. (InThai)
Kongpet, Ch. (2012). Prevalence behavior and impact of alcohol consumption in undergraduated female students: a study in selected Technical College. A thesis submit of the graduate school in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in community health development. Graduate school, Khon Kaen University. (InThai)
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Reangsing, Ch. (2011). Predictive Factors Influence Depression among Secondary School Students, Regional Education Office, Chiang Rai Province. Thai Journal of Nursing Council, 26 (2), 42-56. (InThai)
Rukkhajeekul, S. (2013). Depression and Suicidal Behaviors among Naresuan University Students. Journal of the Psychiatric Association of Thailand, 58(4), 359-370. (InThai)
Sanders, R. A. (2013). Adolescent psychosocial, social, and cognitive development. Pediatrics in Review/American Academy of Pediatrics, 34(8), 354-358.
Song, S. J., Ziegler, R., Arsenault, L., Fried, L. E., & Hacker, K. (2011). Asian student depression in American high schools: Differences in risk factors. Journal of School Nursing, 27(6), 455-462.
Srisatidnarakul, B. (2007). The methodology in nursing research. (Edition 4th). Bangkok: U & I inter media. (InThai)
Sriruenthong, W., Kongsuk, Th., Pangchun, W., Kittirattanapaiboon, P., Kenbubpha, K., Yingyeun, R., Sukawaha, S., & Leejongpermpoon, J. (2011 ). The Suicidality in Thai population: A National survey. Journal of the Psychiatric Association of Thailand, 56(4), 413-424. (InThai)
Sanders, R. A. (2013). Adolescent psychosocial, social, and cognitive development. Pediatrics in Review/American Academy of Pediatrics, 34(8), 354-358. (InThai)
Santrock, J. W. (2014). Adolescence. New York: McGraw-Hill Education. (InThai)
Song, S. J., Ziegler, R., Arsenault, L., Fried, L. E., & Hacker, K. (2011). Asian student depression in American high schools: Differences in risk factors. Journal of School Nursing, 27(6), 455-462. (InThai)
Tittabut, J. (2005). Situation analysis of adolescent attempted suicide in Chaiprakarn District Chiang Mai Province Thailand. A thesis submit of the graduate school in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Public health College of Public health Sciences. Graduate school, Chulalongkorn University. (InThai)
Trachoe, A., Kaewpornsawan, T., & Punyapas, S. (2013). Suicidal behavior in children and adolescents who received treatment at Siriraj Hospital. Journal of the Psychiatric Association of Thailand, 58(4), 323-332. (InThai)
Wasserman, D., Cheng, Q. I., & Jiang, G. X. (2005). Global suicide rates among young people aged 15-19. World Psychiatry, 4(2), 114-120. (InThai)
World Health Organization. (2013). Suicide prevention (SUPRE). Retrieved from http://www. who.int/mental_health/prevention/suicide/suicideprevent/en/ (InThai)
World Health Organization. (2016). World health statistics 2016: monitoring health for the SDGs, sustainable development goals. (1 ed.). France: WHO Library Cataloguing. (InThai)
Wasserman, D., Cheng, Q. I., & Jiang, G. X. (2005). Global suicide rates among young people aged 15-19. World Psychiatry, 4(2), 114-120.
World Health Organization. (2013). Suicide prevention (SUPRE). Retrieved from http://www. who.int/mental_health/prevention/suicide/suicideprevent/en/
World Health Organization. (2016). World health statistics 2016: monitoring health for the SDGs, sustainable development goals. (1 ed.). France: WHO Library Cataloguing.
Akwarangkoon, S., Petsirason, R., & Noonill, N., (2006). Relationships between Depression and Suicide Risk among High school Thai student in Nakhon Si Thammarat Province. Thai Journal of Nursing, 55(1-4), 31-42. (InThai)
Akwarangkoon, S. (Editor). (2015). Psychiatric-mental health nursing and art to Practice 1. Mahawitthayalai Walailak: Time Printing. (InThai)
Beck, A. T. (Ed.). (1979). Cognitive therapy of depression. Guilford press. (InThai)
Cuijpers, P., & Smit, F. (2002). Excess mortality in depression: a meta-analysis of community studies. Journal of affective disorders, 72(3), 227-236. (InThai)
Department of Mental Health, Ministry of Public Health. (2016). The report of the suicidal rate inThailand (The rate per hundred thousand population) Revised 1997-2015. Retrieved from https://www.suicidethai.com/report/ (InThai)
Ditsayabut, S. (2007). Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing. Si Sa Ket: Faculty of Nursing, Chalermkarnchana University. (InThai)
Gau, S. S. F., Chen, Y. Y., Tsai, F. J., Lee, M. B., Chiu, Y. N., Soong, W. T., & Hwu, H. G. (2008). Risk factors for suicide in Taiwanese college students. Journal of American College Health, 57(2), 135-142. Gau, S. S. F., Chen, Y. Y., Tsai, F. J., Lee, M. B., Chiu, Y. N., Soong, W. T., & Hwu, H. G. (2008). Risk factors for suicide in Taiwanese college students. Journal of American College Health, 57(2), 135-142. (InThai)
Grazioli, V., Studer, J., Bagge, C., Rougemont-Bucking, A., Mohler-Kuo, M., Daeppen, J. B., & Gmel, G. (2016). Depression, Alcohol use and Coping Drinking Motives: Examining Various Pathways Related to Suicide Attempt Among Young Men. Sucht, 62(Supplement 1), 183. doi: 10.1024/0939-5911/a000441. (InThai)
Halter, J. H., Varcarolis, E. M., & Shoemaker, N. C. (2010). Foundations of psychiatric mental health nursing: A clinical approach, 212-245. (InThai)
Harris, E. C., & Barraclough, B. (1997). Suicide as an outcome for mental disorders. A meta-analysis. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 170(3), 205-228. (InThai)
Hawton, K., Simkin, S., & Fagg, J. (1997). Deliberate selfharm in alcohol and drug misusers: patient characteristics and patterns of clinical care. Drug and alcohol review, 16(2), 123-129. (InThai)
Halter, J. H., Varcarolis, E. M., & Shoemaker, N. C. (2010). Foundations of psychiatric mental health nursing: A clinical approach, 212-245.
Harris, E. C., & Barraclough, B. (1997). Suicide as an outcome for mental disorders. A meta-analysis. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 170(3), 205-228.
Jiang, Y., Pearlman, D. N., Hill, J., & Viner-Brown, S. (2016). Surveillance of suicide and suicide attempts among Rhode Island youth using multiple data sources. Rhode Island medical journal (2013), 99(12), 53-56. (InThai)
Krejcie, R. V., & Morgan, D. W. (1970). Table for determining sample size from a given population. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 30(3), 607-610.
Krejcie, R. V., & Morgan, D. W. (1970). Table for determining sample size from a given population. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 30(3), 607-610. (InThai)
Kantawong, E., Lirtmunlikaporn, S., & Unahalekhaka, A. (2015). Development of Alcohol Drinking Prevention among Secondary School Students Using School Participation. Nursing Journal, 42(3), 135-146. (InThai)
Kongpet, Ch. (2012). Prevalence behavior and impact of alcohol consumption in undergraduated female students: a study in selected Technical College. A thesis submit of the graduate school in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in community health development. Graduate school, Khon Kaen University. (InThai)
Lotrakul, M. (2014). Suicide in Thailand between 1998 and 2002. Journal of the Psychiatric Association of Thailand, 48(1), 251-259.
Murphy, G. E., & Wetzel, R. D. (1990). The lifetime risk of suicide in alcoholism. Archives of general psychiatry, 47(4), 383-392. (InThai)
National Statistical Office. (2007). Presentation of data from a survey smoking and alcohol drinking in 2007. Retrieved from http://service.nso.go.th/nso/nsopublish/service/ servey/ smorke Exe_50.pdf(InThai)
National Center For Suicide Prevention. (2016). The report of the suicidal attempt rate in Thailand. Retrieved from https://www.suicidethai.com/report/dmh/age_506s.asp(InThai)
Perera, B., Torabi, M. R., Jayawardana, G., & Pallethanna, N. (2006). Depressive symptoms among adolescents in Sri Lanka: Prevalence and behavioral correlates. Journal of Adolescent Health, 39(1), 144-146. (InThai)
Reangsing, Ch. (2011). Predictive Factors Influence Depression among Secondary School Students, Regional Education Office, Chiang Rai Province. Thai Journal of Nursing Council, 26 (2), 42-56. (InThai)
Rukkhajeekul, S. (2013). Depression and Suicidal Behaviors among Naresuan University Students. Journal of the Psychiatric Association of Thailand, 58(4), 359-370. (InThai)
Sanders, R. A. (2013). Adolescent psychosocial, social, and cognitive development. Pediatrics in Review/American Academy of Pediatrics, 34(8), 354-358.
Song, S. J., Ziegler, R., Arsenault, L., Fried, L. E., & Hacker, K. (2011). Asian student depression in American high schools: Differences in risk factors. Journal of School Nursing, 27(6), 455-462.
Srisatidnarakul, B. (2007). The methodology in nursing research. (Edition 4th). Bangkok: U & I inter media. (InThai)
Sriruenthong, W., Kongsuk, Th., Pangchun, W., Kittirattanapaiboon, P., Kenbubpha, K., Yingyeun, R., Sukawaha, S., & Leejongpermpoon, J. (2011 ). The Suicidality in Thai population: A National survey. Journal of the Psychiatric Association of Thailand, 56(4), 413-424. (InThai)
Sanders, R. A. (2013). Adolescent psychosocial, social, and cognitive development. Pediatrics in Review/American Academy of Pediatrics, 34(8), 354-358. (InThai)
Santrock, J. W. (2014). Adolescence. New York: McGraw-Hill Education. (InThai)
Song, S. J., Ziegler, R., Arsenault, L., Fried, L. E., & Hacker, K. (2011). Asian student depression in American high schools: Differences in risk factors. Journal of School Nursing, 27(6), 455-462. (InThai)
Tittabut, J. (2005). Situation analysis of adolescent attempted suicide in Chaiprakarn District Chiang Mai Province Thailand. A thesis submit of the graduate school in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Public health College of Public health Sciences. Graduate school, Chulalongkorn University. (InThai)
Trachoe, A., Kaewpornsawan, T., & Punyapas, S. (2013). Suicidal behavior in children and adolescents who received treatment at Siriraj Hospital. Journal of the Psychiatric Association of Thailand, 58(4), 323-332. (InThai)
Wasserman, D., Cheng, Q. I., & Jiang, G. X. (2005). Global suicide rates among young people aged 15-19. World Psychiatry, 4(2), 114-120. (InThai)
World Health Organization. (2013). Suicide prevention (SUPRE). Retrieved from http://www. who.int/mental_health/prevention/suicide/suicideprevent/en/ (InThai)
World Health Organization. (2016). World health statistics 2016: monitoring health for the SDGs, sustainable development goals. (1 ed.). France: WHO Library Cataloguing. (InThai)
Wasserman, D., Cheng, Q. I., & Jiang, G. X. (2005). Global suicide rates among young people aged 15-19. World Psychiatry, 4(2), 114-120.
World Health Organization. (2013). Suicide prevention (SUPRE). Retrieved from http://www. who.int/mental_health/prevention/suicide/suicideprevent/en/
World Health Organization. (2016). World health statistics 2016: monitoring health for the SDGs, sustainable development goals. (1 ed.). France: WHO Library Cataloguing.
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Published
2018-12-25
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รอบคอบ ว., สกุลพรรณ์ ส., & เศรษฐบุปผา ห. (2018). Depression, Alcohol Drinking Behaviors, and Suicidal Risks of Adolescents. Nursing Journal CMU, 45(4), 144–158. Retrieved from https://he02.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/cmunursing/article/view/162674
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