การส่งเสริมการเลี้ยงลูกด้วยนมแม่ในแม่วัยรุ่น
คำสำคัญ:
แม่วัยรุ่น, การเลี้ยงลูกด้วยนมแม่บทคัดย่อ
ประโยชน์ของการเลี้ยงลูกด้วยนมแม่ทั้งในแง่สารอาหาร ภูมิต้านทานโรค พฤติกรรม เศรษฐกิจ และสิ่งแวดล้อมนั้นมีหลักฐานเชิงประจักษ์อย่างมากมายที่ไม่อาจปฏิเสธได้ การเลี้ยงลูกด้วยนมแม่ได้นำมาใช้เพื่อลดอัตราการตายของทารกแรกเกิดและเด็กเล็ก รวมทั้งป้องกันภาวะเสี่ยงต่อโรคอ้วนในเด็กเล็ก นอกจากนี้ยังมีประโยชน์ต่อแม่อีกด้วย เช่น ลดการตกเลือดในระยะหลังคลอด ลดความเสี่ยงของมะเร็งรังไข่และมะเร็งเต้านม ลดภาวะเสี่ยงโรคเรื้อรังเช่น เบาหวาน โรคหัวใจ และโรคหืดหอบ ฮอร์โมนที่หลั่งขณะให้นมแม่ทำให้ทารกรู้สึกอบอุ่นและสงบมีผลต่อสายสัมพันธ์ระหว่างแม่และทารก เนื่องจากประโยชน์ของการเลี้ยงลูกด้วยนมแม่ที่มีมากมาย องค์การอนามัยโลก (World Health Organization [WHO]) และกองทุนเพื่อเด็กแห่งสหประชาชาติ (The United Nations Children's Fund [UNICEF]) จึงได้แนะนำและสนับสนุนให้เลี้ยงลูกด้วยนมแม่เพียงอย่างเดียวจนทารกอายุหกเดือน หลังจากนั้นให้นมแม่ร่วมกับอาหารเสริมตามวัยจนถึงอายุสองปี แม้ว่ามีหลักฐานมากมายในการสนับสนุนการเลี้ยงลูกด้วยนมแม่อย่างเดียวในหกเดือนแรก แต่อัตราการเลี้ยงลูกด้วยนมแม่ยังต่ำกว่าเป้าหมายทั้งในประเทศที่พัฒนาแล้วและประเทศที่กำลังพัฒนาโดยเฉพาะในกลุ่มแม่วัยรุ่น การศึกษาหลายรายงานพบว่าแม่วัยรุ่นเริ่มต้นและให้นมแม่อย่างต่อเนื่องแก่ทารกน้อยกว่าแม่วัยผู้ใหญ่ จึงมีความจำเป็นในการศึกษาปัญหาและอุปสรรคของการเลี้ยงลูกด้วยนมแม่ รวมทั้งสนับสนุนและส่งเสริมการเลี้ยงลูกด้วยนมแม่ในแม่กลุ่มนี้ ดังนั้นบทความนี้จึงนำเสนอประเด็นการตั้งครรภ์และการคลอดในสตรีวัยรุ่น การเลี้ยงลูกด้วยนมแม่ในแม่วัยรุ่น ปัญหาการเลี้ยงลูกด้วยนมแม่ และการส่งเสริมการเลี้ยงลูกด้วยนมแม่ในแม่วัยรุ่น
เอกสารอ้างอิง
Alqaisiya, M. M., (2014). Breastfeeding for the Prevention of Breast Cancer: Evidence Based Practice. Middle East Journal of Age & Ageing, 12 (4), 8.
American Academy of Pediatrics [AAP]. (2012). Breastfeeding and the use of human milk. Pediatrics, 129(3), 827-841.
American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologist [ACOG]. (2016). Optimizing Support for Breastfeeding as Part of Obstetric Practice. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologist, Women’s Health Care Physicians, Committee Opinion, 658, February 2016.
Apostolakis-Kyrus, K., Valentine, C., & DeFranco, E. (2013). Factors associated with breastfeeding initiation in adolescent mothers. The Journal of pediatrics, 163(5), 1489-1494.
Bangkok: UNICEF Office for Thailand
Bundach, W., Rithpho, P., & Wannapornsiri, C. (2014). Effects of Using the Perceived Self-efficacy Program on Breastfeeding Feeding Among Teenage Pregnancy, Kamphaeng Phet Province. Journal of Nursing and Health Sciences. 8(Supple 3), 65-79 (in Thai).
Barclay, A. R., Russell, R. K., Wilson, M. L., Gilmour, W. H., Satsangi, J., & Wilson, D. C. (2009). Systematic review: the role of breastfeeding in the development of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease. The Journal of pediatrics, 155(3), 421-426.
Bernaix, L. W. (2000). Nurses' attitudes, subjective norms, and behavioral intentions toward support of breastfeeding mothers. Journal of Human Lactation. 16 (3), 201-19.
Bica, O. C., & Giugliani, E. R. J. (2014). Influence of Counseling Sessions on the Prevalence of Breastfeeding in the First Year of Life: A Randomized Clinical Trial with Adolescent Mothers and Grandmothers. Birth, 41(1), 39-45.
Camarotti, C. M., Nakano, A. S., Pereira, C. R., Medeiros, C. P., & Monteiro, J. S. (2011). The experience of breastfeeding in a group of teenage mothers. Acta Paulista Enfermagem, 24, 55–60.
Dennis, C. L. (2002). Breastfeeding initiation and duration: a 1990-2000 literature review. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, and Neonatal Nursing, 31 (1), 12–32.
Deoni S. C. L., Dean, D. C., Piryatinsky, I., O'Muircheartaigh, J., Waskiewicz, N., Lehman, K., Han, M., Dirks, H. (2013). Breastfeeding and early white matter development: A cross-sectional study. Neuro Image, 82, 77–86.
Duijts, L., Jaddoe, V. W., Hofman, A., & Moll, H. A. (2010). Prolonged and exclusive breastfeeding reduces the risk of infectious diseases in infancy. Pediatrics, 126 (1), e18-e25.
Giugliani, E. R. J., Horta, B. L. de Mola, C. L., Lisboa, B. O. & Victora, C. G. (2015). Effect of breastfeeding promotion interventions on child growth: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Paediatrica. 104 (S467): 20-29.
Grassley, J. S. (2010). Adolescent mothers' breastfeeding social support needs. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, & Neonatal Nursing, 39(6), 713-722.
Greer, F. R., Sicherer, S. H., & Burks, A. W. (2008). Effects of early nutritional interventions on the development of atopic disease in infants and children: the role of maternal dietary restriction, breastfeeding, timing of introduction of complementary foods, and hydrolyzed formulas. Pediatrics, 121(1), 183-191.
Haroon S., Das J. K., Salam R. A, Imdad A, & Bhutta Z. A. (2013). Breastfeeding promotion interventions and breastfeeding practices: a systematic review. BMC Public Health,13 Suppl 3:S20. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-13-S3-S20. Epub 2013 Sep 17.
Information and Communication Technology Center Office of the Permanent Secretary, Ministry of Social Development and Human Security. (2014). Maternity Situation of Thai Adolescents in 2013. Bangkok: Office of the Permanent Secretary, Ministry of Social Development and Human Security (in Thai).
Ip, S., Chung, M., Raman, G., Trikalinos, T. A., & Lau, J. (2009). A summary of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality’s evidence report on breastfeeding in developed countries. Breastfeeding Medicine, 4 (Suppl 1), S17-S30.
Jordan, S. J., Cushing-Haugen, K. L., Wicklund, K. G., Doherty, J. A., Rossing, M. A. (2012). Breast-feeding and risk of epithelial ovarian cancer. Cancer Causes Control, 23(6), 919-927.
Kramer, M.S. & Kakuma, R. (2012). Optimal duration of exclusive breastfeeding. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2012, August 15 (8): CD003517. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD003517.pub2
Laantera, S., Polkki, T. & Pietila, A. M. (2011). A descriptive qualitative review of the barriers relating to breastfeeding counselling. International Journal of Nursing Practice, 17(1), doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-172X.2010.01909.x
Lawrence, R. A. & Lawrence, R. M. (2016). Breastfeeding: A Guide for the Medical Profession (8th edition). Philadelphia: Elsevier.
Leclair, E., Robert, N., Sprague, A. E. & Fleming, N. (2015). Factors Associated with Breastfeeding Initiation in Adolescent Pregnancies: A Cohort Study. Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology, 28 (6), 516-521.
McInnes, R. J. & Chambers, J. A. (2008). Supporting breastfeeding mothers: qualitative synthesis. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 62 (4), 407–427.
Moran, V. H., Edwards, J., Dykes, F. & Downe, S. (2007). A systematic review of the nature of support for breast-feeding adolescent mothers. Midwifery, 23, 157 – 171
Olaiya, O., Dee, D. L., Sharma, A. J.& Smith, R. A. (2016). Maternity Care Practices and Breastfeeding Among Adolescent Mothers Aged 12–19 Years—United States, 2009–2011. MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report, 65, 17-22.
Pattaraphonphong, S., Khamhang, T., Sanguanjeam, S., Rittisin, K., & Komlaem, M. (2011). Effectiveness of using clinical practice guidelines to promote breastfeeding in Teenage mother Phrae Hospital. Journal of Phrae Hospital, 19 (2), 59-69 (in Thai).
Phasuk, V., & Thaithae, S. (2013). The Effectiveness of Spiritual Well-being Promoting Program on Perceived Self-efficacy for Continuous Breast-feeding of Teenage Mothers at Home. Journal of Public Health Nursing, 27(2), 27-39 (in Thai).
Pérez-Escamilla, R., Curry, L., Minhas, D., Taylor, L., & Bradley, E. (2012). Scaling Up of Breastfeeding Promotion Programs in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: the “Breastfeeding Gear ” Model. Advance Nutrition, 3, 790–800, doi:10.3945/an. 112.002873
Puapompong, P., Raungrongrakot, K., Manoleratewan W., Ketsuwan, S., & Wongin, S. (2014). Teenage pregnancy and exclusive rates. Journal Medicine Association of Thailand, 97(9), 893-898.
Ratisunthorn, J., Thaithae, S., & Bowanthammajak, U. (2014). Effects of Empowerment Program on Breastfeeding Behavior and Duration of Exclusive Breastfeeding Among Adolescent Mothers. Kuakarun Journal of Nursing, 21(2), 139-154 (in Thai).
Rollins, N. C. Bhandari, N., Hajeebhoy, N., Horton, S., Lutter, C. K., Martines, J. C., Piwoz, E. G., Richter, L. M., & Victora, C. G. (2016). Why invest, and what it will take to improve breastfeeding practices? The Lancet, 387 (10017), 491-504.
Sriwichai, P. & Suriyachai, P. (2015). The success of the exclusive breast feeding among teenage mothers in the first 6 months after birth at Phayao Hospital. Journal of Phrapokklao Nursing College, 26(1), 17-24 (in Thai).
Saied, H., Mohamed, A., Suliman, A., & Al Anazi, W. (2013). Breastfeeding knowledge, attitude and barriers among Saudi women in Riyadh. Journal of Natural Sciences Research, 3(12), 1-15.
Sipsma, H. L., Jones, K. L., & Cole-Lewis, H. (2015). Breastfeeding among Adolescent Mothers: A Systematic Review of Interventions from High-Income Countries. Journal of Human Lactation, 5, 1-9.
Stuebe, A. M. & Schwarz, E. B. (2010). The risks and benefits of infant feeding practices for women and their children. Journal of Perinatology, 30 (3), 155-162.
Thailand Breastfeeding Foundation. (2003). "Mother's milk" helps Thai households save more than 1.8 billion baht. Retrieved from https://thaibf.com/(in Thai).
UNICEF Thailand (2015). Synthesis Report on Thai Adolescent Pregnancy Situation Analysis. Bangkok: UNICEF Thailand (in Thai).
United Nations Population Fund in Thailand [UNDP]. (2013) Mae WaiSai: Pregnancy challenges. Bangkok: Advanced Printing.
UNDP. (2013). Multiple indicator cluster survey of children and women in Thailand 2015-2016.
UNICEF Thailand. (2016). Multiple indicator cluster survey of children and women in Thailand 2015-2016. Bangkok: UNICEF Office for Thailand.
UNICEF. (2013). Breastfeeding on the worldwide agenda: findings from a lanscape analysis on political commitment to protect, promote and support breastfeeding. New York: WHO.
UNICEF. (2015). The State of the World’s Children 2015: Reimagine the Future, Innovation for Every Child. New York: UNICEF.
Wambach, K. A., & Cohen, S. M. (2009). Breastfeeding experiences of urban adolescent mothers. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 24, 244-254.
WHO. (2009). Infant and young child feeding: Model Chapter for textbooks for medical students and allied health professionals. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.
WHO. (2012). WHO recommendations on postnatal care of the mother and newborn. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.
Yimyam, S. (2013). Breastfeeding promotion among outside employed mothers. Nursing Journal, 40
(3): 129-137 (in Thai).
Yimyam, S., Thapphansan, P., & Chumphan, S. (2012). Developing Breastfeeding Supports in Workplace. The Thai Journal of Nursing Council, 27 (2): 122-132 (in Thai).
American Academy of Pediatrics [AAP]. (2012). Breastfeeding and the use of human milk. Pediatrics, 129(3), 827-841.
American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologist [ACOG]. (2016). Optimizing Support for Breastfeeding as Part of Obstetric Practice. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologist, Women’s Health Care Physicians, Committee Opinion, 658, February 2016.
Apostolakis-Kyrus, K., Valentine, C., & DeFranco, E. (2013). Factors associated with breastfeeding initiation in adolescent mothers. The Journal of pediatrics, 163(5), 1489-1494.
Bangkok: UNICEF Office for Thailand
Bundach, W., Rithpho, P., & Wannapornsiri, C. (2014). Effects of Using the Perceived Self-efficacy Program on Breastfeeding Feeding Among Teenage Pregnancy, Kamphaeng Phet Province. Journal of Nursing and Health Sciences. 8(Supple 3), 65-79 (in Thai).
Barclay, A. R., Russell, R. K., Wilson, M. L., Gilmour, W. H., Satsangi, J., & Wilson, D. C. (2009). Systematic review: the role of breastfeeding in the development of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease. The Journal of pediatrics, 155(3), 421-426.
Bernaix, L. W. (2000). Nurses' attitudes, subjective norms, and behavioral intentions toward support of breastfeeding mothers. Journal of Human Lactation. 16 (3), 201-19.
Bica, O. C., & Giugliani, E. R. J. (2014). Influence of Counseling Sessions on the Prevalence of Breastfeeding in the First Year of Life: A Randomized Clinical Trial with Adolescent Mothers and Grandmothers. Birth, 41(1), 39-45.
Camarotti, C. M., Nakano, A. S., Pereira, C. R., Medeiros, C. P., & Monteiro, J. S. (2011). The experience of breastfeeding in a group of teenage mothers. Acta Paulista Enfermagem, 24, 55–60.
Dennis, C. L. (2002). Breastfeeding initiation and duration: a 1990-2000 literature review. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, and Neonatal Nursing, 31 (1), 12–32.
Deoni S. C. L., Dean, D. C., Piryatinsky, I., O'Muircheartaigh, J., Waskiewicz, N., Lehman, K., Han, M., Dirks, H. (2013). Breastfeeding and early white matter development: A cross-sectional study. Neuro Image, 82, 77–86.
Duijts, L., Jaddoe, V. W., Hofman, A., & Moll, H. A. (2010). Prolonged and exclusive breastfeeding reduces the risk of infectious diseases in infancy. Pediatrics, 126 (1), e18-e25.
Giugliani, E. R. J., Horta, B. L. de Mola, C. L., Lisboa, B. O. & Victora, C. G. (2015). Effect of breastfeeding promotion interventions on child growth: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Paediatrica. 104 (S467): 20-29.
Grassley, J. S. (2010). Adolescent mothers' breastfeeding social support needs. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, & Neonatal Nursing, 39(6), 713-722.
Greer, F. R., Sicherer, S. H., & Burks, A. W. (2008). Effects of early nutritional interventions on the development of atopic disease in infants and children: the role of maternal dietary restriction, breastfeeding, timing of introduction of complementary foods, and hydrolyzed formulas. Pediatrics, 121(1), 183-191.
Haroon S., Das J. K., Salam R. A, Imdad A, & Bhutta Z. A. (2013). Breastfeeding promotion interventions and breastfeeding practices: a systematic review. BMC Public Health,13 Suppl 3:S20. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-13-S3-S20. Epub 2013 Sep 17.
Information and Communication Technology Center Office of the Permanent Secretary, Ministry of Social Development and Human Security. (2014). Maternity Situation of Thai Adolescents in 2013. Bangkok: Office of the Permanent Secretary, Ministry of Social Development and Human Security (in Thai).
Ip, S., Chung, M., Raman, G., Trikalinos, T. A., & Lau, J. (2009). A summary of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality’s evidence report on breastfeeding in developed countries. Breastfeeding Medicine, 4 (Suppl 1), S17-S30.
Jordan, S. J., Cushing-Haugen, K. L., Wicklund, K. G., Doherty, J. A., Rossing, M. A. (2012). Breast-feeding and risk of epithelial ovarian cancer. Cancer Causes Control, 23(6), 919-927.
Kramer, M.S. & Kakuma, R. (2012). Optimal duration of exclusive breastfeeding. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2012, August 15 (8): CD003517. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD003517.pub2
Laantera, S., Polkki, T. & Pietila, A. M. (2011). A descriptive qualitative review of the barriers relating to breastfeeding counselling. International Journal of Nursing Practice, 17(1), doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-172X.2010.01909.x
Lawrence, R. A. & Lawrence, R. M. (2016). Breastfeeding: A Guide for the Medical Profession (8th edition). Philadelphia: Elsevier.
Leclair, E., Robert, N., Sprague, A. E. & Fleming, N. (2015). Factors Associated with Breastfeeding Initiation in Adolescent Pregnancies: A Cohort Study. Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology, 28 (6), 516-521.
McInnes, R. J. & Chambers, J. A. (2008). Supporting breastfeeding mothers: qualitative synthesis. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 62 (4), 407–427.
Moran, V. H., Edwards, J., Dykes, F. & Downe, S. (2007). A systematic review of the nature of support for breast-feeding adolescent mothers. Midwifery, 23, 157 – 171
Olaiya, O., Dee, D. L., Sharma, A. J.& Smith, R. A. (2016). Maternity Care Practices and Breastfeeding Among Adolescent Mothers Aged 12–19 Years—United States, 2009–2011. MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report, 65, 17-22.
Pattaraphonphong, S., Khamhang, T., Sanguanjeam, S., Rittisin, K., & Komlaem, M. (2011). Effectiveness of using clinical practice guidelines to promote breastfeeding in Teenage mother Phrae Hospital. Journal of Phrae Hospital, 19 (2), 59-69 (in Thai).
Phasuk, V., & Thaithae, S. (2013). The Effectiveness of Spiritual Well-being Promoting Program on Perceived Self-efficacy for Continuous Breast-feeding of Teenage Mothers at Home. Journal of Public Health Nursing, 27(2), 27-39 (in Thai).
Pérez-Escamilla, R., Curry, L., Minhas, D., Taylor, L., & Bradley, E. (2012). Scaling Up of Breastfeeding Promotion Programs in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: the “Breastfeeding Gear ” Model. Advance Nutrition, 3, 790–800, doi:10.3945/an. 112.002873
Puapompong, P., Raungrongrakot, K., Manoleratewan W., Ketsuwan, S., & Wongin, S. (2014). Teenage pregnancy and exclusive rates. Journal Medicine Association of Thailand, 97(9), 893-898.
Ratisunthorn, J., Thaithae, S., & Bowanthammajak, U. (2014). Effects of Empowerment Program on Breastfeeding Behavior and Duration of Exclusive Breastfeeding Among Adolescent Mothers. Kuakarun Journal of Nursing, 21(2), 139-154 (in Thai).
Rollins, N. C. Bhandari, N., Hajeebhoy, N., Horton, S., Lutter, C. K., Martines, J. C., Piwoz, E. G., Richter, L. M., & Victora, C. G. (2016). Why invest, and what it will take to improve breastfeeding practices? The Lancet, 387 (10017), 491-504.
Sriwichai, P. & Suriyachai, P. (2015). The success of the exclusive breast feeding among teenage mothers in the first 6 months after birth at Phayao Hospital. Journal of Phrapokklao Nursing College, 26(1), 17-24 (in Thai).
Saied, H., Mohamed, A., Suliman, A., & Al Anazi, W. (2013). Breastfeeding knowledge, attitude and barriers among Saudi women in Riyadh. Journal of Natural Sciences Research, 3(12), 1-15.
Sipsma, H. L., Jones, K. L., & Cole-Lewis, H. (2015). Breastfeeding among Adolescent Mothers: A Systematic Review of Interventions from High-Income Countries. Journal of Human Lactation, 5, 1-9.
Stuebe, A. M. & Schwarz, E. B. (2010). The risks and benefits of infant feeding practices for women and their children. Journal of Perinatology, 30 (3), 155-162.
Thailand Breastfeeding Foundation. (2003). "Mother's milk" helps Thai households save more than 1.8 billion baht. Retrieved from https://thaibf.com/(in Thai).
UNICEF Thailand (2015). Synthesis Report on Thai Adolescent Pregnancy Situation Analysis. Bangkok: UNICEF Thailand (in Thai).
United Nations Population Fund in Thailand [UNDP]. (2013) Mae WaiSai: Pregnancy challenges. Bangkok: Advanced Printing.
UNDP. (2013). Multiple indicator cluster survey of children and women in Thailand 2015-2016.
UNICEF Thailand. (2016). Multiple indicator cluster survey of children and women in Thailand 2015-2016. Bangkok: UNICEF Office for Thailand.
UNICEF. (2013). Breastfeeding on the worldwide agenda: findings from a lanscape analysis on political commitment to protect, promote and support breastfeeding. New York: WHO.
UNICEF. (2015). The State of the World’s Children 2015: Reimagine the Future, Innovation for Every Child. New York: UNICEF.
Wambach, K. A., & Cohen, S. M. (2009). Breastfeeding experiences of urban adolescent mothers. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 24, 244-254.
WHO. (2009). Infant and young child feeding: Model Chapter for textbooks for medical students and allied health professionals. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.
WHO. (2012). WHO recommendations on postnatal care of the mother and newborn. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.
Yimyam, S. (2013). Breastfeeding promotion among outside employed mothers. Nursing Journal, 40
(3): 129-137 (in Thai).
Yimyam, S., Thapphansan, P., & Chumphan, S. (2012). Developing Breastfeeding Supports in Workplace. The Thai Journal of Nursing Council, 27 (2): 122-132 (in Thai).
ดาวน์โหลด
เผยแพร่แล้ว
2019-03-28
รูปแบบการอ้างอิง
สุสัณหา ส., & คนสูง ป. (2019). การส่งเสริมการเลี้ยงลูกด้วยนมแม่ในแม่วัยรุ่น. พยาบาลสาร มหาวิทยาลัยเชียงใหม่, 46(1), 239–250. สืบค้น จาก https://he02.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/cmunursing/article/view/180861
ฉบับ
ประเภทบทความ
บทความวิชาการ
สัญญาอนุญาต
บทความที่ได้รับการตีพิมพ์เป็นลิขสิทธิ์ของวารสารพยาบาลสาร
ข้อความที่ปรากฏในบทความแต่ละเรื่องในวารสารวิชาการเล่มนี้เป็นความคิดเห็นส่วนตัวของผู้เขียนแต่ละท่านไม่เกี่ยวข้องกับมหาวิทยาลัยเชียงใหม่ และคณาจารย์ท่านอื่นๆในมหาวิทยาลัยฯ แต่อย่างใด ความรับผิดชอบองค์ประกอบทั้งหมดของบทความแต่ละเรื่องเป็นของผู้เขียนแต่ละท่าน หากมีความผิดพลาดใด ๆ ผู้เขียนแต่ละท่านจะรับผิดชอบบทความของตนเองแต่ผู้เดียว
