The Stress Level and Stress Related Factors Among Ambulance Drivers
Keywords:
Factors, Stress, Ambulance DriverAbstract
Nowadays, work-related stress is one of the major causes of health problems, especially the professions that work to help other humans and the emergency medical service systems. This research used a Cross-sectional study, for studying the stress level among ambulance drivers and study the relationship among general characteristics, work-related factors, and the stress in ambulance drivers. The participants were 83 ambulance drivers, who have a driving license and passed the emergency medical vehicle driving training program. Data were collected between July and September 2020. The research instrument was a questionnaire consisting of three parts: general characteristics, work-related factors. The content validity of the questionnaire was examined by three experts. The content validity index was 0.98. The reliability of part one and part two were 0.73 and 0.76 respectively. The stress level was measured using the questionnaire: The stress measurement model, Thai Stress Test. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was 0.84. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, including frequency, percentage. The relationship between general characteristics and work-related factors with stress level was analyzed using Chi–square test and Fisher's exact test. The results of this study showed that: 1. Ambulance drivers had mild stress (43.4%) followed by high stress (12%). 2. Stress was significantly associated with status, monthly income, household monthly income, income sufficiency (P-value < 0.001), type of shift work per day (P-value < 0.05), emergency severity index (ESI) in resuscitation, Ambulance driver accident in one year ago (P-value < 0.001), neck pain, back pain, waist pain (P-value < 0.05) and pressure from patient and the family members (P-value < 0.001). The results of this study can be used as baseline information and guidance for ambulance drivers who were aware of factors associated with stress, leading to knowledge and advice appropriate to adjusting and coping with factors associated with stress.
References
AlEnzy, S. K., & AlEnzie, A. N. (2018). Stress and burnout among red crescent paramedic ambulance workers in Riyadh. [Electronic version]. Integrative International Journal of Current Research, 10(12), 75971-75976.
Caplan, G. (1964). Principles of preventive psychiatry. New York: Basic Books.
Chadbunchachai, W. (2008). Principles of development of emergency medical services system. Khon Kaen National Institute of Emergency Medicine. Standards and Criteria for Emergency Medical Systems (1). Nonthaburi: Ultimate Printing. (in Thai)
Cooper, C. L., & Marshall, J. (1976). Occupational sources of stress: A review of the literature relating to coronary heart disease and mental ill health. Journal of Occupational Psychology, 49(1), 11–28.
Halpern, J., Gurevich, M., Schwartz, B., & Brazeau, P. (2009). What makes an incident critical for ambulance workers? Emotional outcomes and implications for intervention. Work & Stress, 23(2), 173–189.
Hansen, C. D., Rasmussen, K., Kyed, M., Nielsen, K. J., & Andersen, J. H. (2012). Physical and psychosocial work environment factors and their association with health outcomes in Danish ambulance personnel - a cross-sectional study. BMC public health, 12(1), 534-540. Retrieved from https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22824415/
Krejcie, R. V. & Morgan, D. W. (1970) Determining sample sizes for research activities. [Electronic version]. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 30(3), 607-610.
Maguire, B. J., O'Meara, P. F., Brightwell, R. F., O'Neill, B. J., & Fitzgerald, G. J. (2014). Occupational injury risk among Australian paramedics: An analysis of national data. The Medical journal of Australia, 200(8), 477–480.
National Association of Emergency Medical Technicians. (2016). NAEMT 2016 EMS Mental Health Services Survey, In The Jems conference & exposition: Utah: Rampton Salt Palace Convention Center, Salt Lake City.
Nirel, N., Goldwag, R., Feigenberg, Z., Abadi, D., & Halpern, P. (2008). Stress, work overload, burnout, and satisfaction among paramedics in Israel. Prehospital and disaster medicine, 23(6), 537–546.
Okada, N., Ishii, N., Nakata, M., & Nakayama, S. (2012). Occupational stress among Japanese Emergency Medical Technicians: Hyogo Prefecture. Prehospital and Disaster Medicine, 20(2), 115-121.
Patcharatanasan, P., Ekburanawat, W., Kanoungkid, R., & Punyaratabandhu, M. (2016). Health hazards and traffic accidents during the operations of emergency vehicle drivers. Disease Control Journal, 42(4), 304-314.
Phattharayuttawat, S., Ngamtkipwatana, T., & Sukhatungkha, K. (2000). The development of the Thai stress test. Journal of Psychiatric Association of Thailand, 45(3), 237-250.
Pumfang, S., & Srisatidnarakul, B. (2015) Factors of job stress for Professional Nurses in Tertiary Hospital. [Electronic version]. Kuakarun Journal of Nursing, 22(2), 140-153. (in Thai)
Somboon, P. (2009). Stress and associated factors among Ruamkatanyu rescue workers in Bangkok Metropolis. (Master’s thesis). Bangkok: Chulalongkorn University. (in Thai)
Wachiradilok, P., & Sirisamutr,T. (2015). Mental health of ambulance drivers in the emergency medical service system. (in Thai) Retrieved from https://www.niems.go.th/1/Ebook/Detail/1009?group=28
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
บทความที่ได้รับการตีพิมพ์เป็นลิขสิทธิ์ของวารสารพยาบาลสาร
ข้อความที่ปรากฏในบทความแต่ละเรื่องในวารสารวิชาการเล่มนี้เป็นความคิดเห็นส่วนตัวของผู้เขียนแต่ละท่านไม่เกี่ยวข้องกับมหาวิทยาลัยเชียงใหม่ และคณาจารย์ท่านอื่นๆในมหาวิทยาลัยฯ แต่อย่างใด ความรับผิดชอบองค์ประกอบทั้งหมดของบทความแต่ละเรื่องเป็นของผู้เขียนแต่ละท่าน หากมีความผิดพลาดใด ๆ ผู้เขียนแต่ละท่านจะรับผิดชอบบทความของตนเองแต่ผู้เดียว
