Effects of a Self-efficacy Enhancement Program on Preventive Behaviors and Body Mass Index in People at risk of diabetes
Keywords:
People at risk of diabetes, Perceived self-efficacy, Preventive behavior, Body mass indexAbstract
People at risk of diabetes have a chance of becoming a new diabetic if they don't have a diabetes-preventing approach. This quasi-experimental research aimed to examine the effects of a self-efficacy enhancement program on preventive behaviors and body mass index in people at risk of type 2 diabetes. The study samples were 50 people who were screened for diabetes at Labaoya Health Promoting Hospitals in Amphoe Muang Nan, Nan Province. Participants blood glucose levels were at 100-125 mg./dL, and they were 35-59 years old. The subjects were assigned, by a simple random sampling method, to either an experimental or comparison group, with 25 in each. The comparison group received usual nursing care. The experimental group received the Self-Efficacy Enhancement Program which was developed based on Bandura’s self-efficacy theory. The research instruments included 1) The Self-Efficacy Enhancement Program, and 2) General Information Questionnaires and Preventive Behaviors Questionnaires for people at risk of diabetes. The reliability of the Preventive Behaviors Questionnaires was obtained using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient with a value of .93. The duration of implementation and data collection was 12 weeks. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, paired t-test, and independent t – test. The results revealed that: 1. After the intervention, the experimental group had an average score for preventive behavior higher than before participating in the program, with statistically significance at .001, and had an average score of body mass index lower than before participating in the program, with statistically significance at .001 2. After the intervention, the experimental group had an average score for preventive behavior higher than that of the comparison group with statistical significance at .001, and had an average body mass index lower than the comparison group with statistical significance at .01 The result shows that the Self-Efficacy Enhancement Program could improve preventive behaviors and decrease body mass index in people at risk for diabetes, and can be used for guiding nurses in health promoting hospitals to prevent diabetes mellitus in people at risk for diabetes.
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