Effects of a Self-Regulation Program on Dietary Management and Blood Sugar Levels Among Persons with Uncontrolled Type 2 Diabetes in a Community
Keywords:
Blood sugar level, Dietary management, Uncontrolled type 2 diabetes, A self-regulation programAbstract
Proper consumption in persons with type 2 diabetes is essential for controlling blood sugar levels. This quasi-experimental research which included two groups, pretest-posttest, investigated the effects of a self-regulation program for dietary management and blood sugar levels among persons with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes in a community. The sample group consisted of persons with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes under the responsibility of the district health promotion hospital in Saraphi District, Chiang Mai, who were allocated, by simple random sampling, to a group which received the program or a group which received regular care. Then the sample were purposively selected based on the inclusion criteria, with 44 persons divided into a group which received the program (22 persons) and a group which received regular care (22 persons). The instruments utilized in the study included the self-regulation program, designed by the researcher and based on the self-regulation concept, which included 3 main processes: 1) self-observation of dietary management; 2) judgment process on dietary management; and 3) self-reaction on dietary management by having the activity done twice. Furthermore, a dietary management guide, media and equipment, a successful model of self-care, and a blood sugar level meter were included. The data-collecting instruments consisted of a demographic data questionnaire, a dietary management practice questionnaire, and a blood sugar level record. The data were analyzed using a paired-sample t-test and an independent-sample t-test.
The results revealed that the group which received the program had significantly higher average scores for dietary management than before participating in the program (p = 0.001), and more than the group that received regular care (p = 0.039). There was also a significant reduction in blood sugar level compared with the measurement before their participation in the program
(p = 0.020). Blood sugar level also decreased more than that of the group which received regular care (p = 0.013).
The findings revealed that self-regulation programs for dietary management in persons with type 2 diabetes can be used to promote modification of dietary management and could lead to control of blood sugar level in uncontrolled type 2 diabetes in a community.
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