Gender, Family Characteristics, and Internet Use on Risk Behaviors Among Adolescents during the Covid-19 Pandemic: A Comparison Study
Keywords:
Risk behavior, Adolescent, Gender, Family Characteristics, Internet UseAbstract
Risk behaviors remain a major public health concern during the COVID-19 pandemic. This comparative descriptive study aimed to compare the risk behaviors among adolescents who have differences in gender, family characteristics and internet use. Participants were 324 adolescents aged 10-19 years. Research instruments included the Adolescent Health Risk Behaviors questionnaire and Internet Use questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and the independent t-test were used to analyze the data.
The results of this study revealed that:
- Most participants had lower levels of risk behaviors. The mean score was 27.38
(SD = 6.36). - Male adolescents had higher mean scores for risk behaviors than female adolescents (28.20 vs. 26.82, t = 1.93; p < .05).
- 3. Adolescents with divorced parents had higher mean scores for risk behaviors than adolescents without divorced parents (28.68 vs. 26.78, t = 2.51; p < .01).
- Adolescents with internet use had higher mean scores for risk behaviors than adolescents without internet use (28.54 vs. 26.96, t = 1.98; p < .05).
The results of this study address the impacts of gender, family characteristic and internet use on risk behaviors among adolescents. This study could provide basic information for preventing risk behaviors among adolescents
References
Arts, J., Fernandez, M. L., & Lofgren, I. E. (2014). Coronary heart disease risk factors in college students. Advances in Nutrition, 5(2), 177–187. doi:10.3945/an.113.005447
Bannink, R., Broeren, S., Heydelberg, J., van’t Klooster, E., & Raat, H. (2015). Depressive symptoms and clustering of risk behaviours among adolescents and young adults attending vocational education: A cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health, 15, 396. doi:10.1186/s12889-015-1692-7
Bowlby, J. (1969). Attachment and Loss (Vol. 1). New York: Basic Books.
Brislin, R. W., Lonner, W., & Thorndike, R. (1973). Cross-cultural research methods. New York: Willy.
Bureau of Reproductive Health. (2020). Reproductive health of adolescents and youth situation in 2019. Retrieved from https://www.anamai.moph.go.th/webupload/migrated/files/rh/n86_0559234e9637e6dbb75f01b6e1e1a1aa_สถานการณ์RH_2562_Website.pdf
Center for Disease Control and Prevention. (2019). Youth risk behavior surveillance system (YRBSS). Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/healthyyouth/data/yrbs/index.htm
Champion, K. E., Mather, M., Spring, B., Kay-Lambkin, F., Teesson, M., & Newton, N. C. (2018). Clustering of multiple risk behaviors among a sample of 18-year-old Australians and associations with mental health outcomes: A latent class analysis. Frontiers in Public Health, 7(6),135. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2018.00135
Chan, H. C. O. (2021). Risky sexual behavior of young adults in Hong Kong: An exploratory study of psychosocial risk factors. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 658179. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.658179
Chidnayee, S., & Yottavee, W. (2561). Factors related with smoking behaviors of youth at Uttaradit. Boromarajonani College of Nursing, Uttaradit Journal, 10(1), 83–93. (in Thai)
Coyne, S. M., Rogers, A. A., Zurcher,J. D., Stockdale, L. & Booth, M. (2020). Does time spent using social media impact mental health? An eight year longitudinal study. Computers in Human Behavior, 104, 106160. doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2019.106160
Dodge, K. A., Skinner, A. T., Godwin, J., Bai, Y., Lansford, J. E., … Bates, J. E. (2021). Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on substance use among adults without children, parents, and adolescents. Addictive Behaviors Reports, 14, 100388. doi.org/10.1016/j.abrep.2021.100388
Duangkaew, K., Powwattana, A., & Auemaneekul, N. (2017). Factors related to multiple risk behaviors among vocational students in Bangkok. Journal of Public Health Nursing, 31(1), 75-96. (in Thai)
Dumas, T. M., Ellis, W., & Litt, D. M. (2020). What does adolescent substance use look like during the COVID-19 pandemic? Examining changes in frequency, social contexts, and pandemic related predictors. The Journal of Adolescent Health, 67(3), 354–361. doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2020.06.018
Feeney, B. C., & Monin, J. K. (2008). An attachment-theoretical perspective on divorce. In J. Cassidy & P. R. Shaver (Eds.), Handbook of attachment: Theory, research, and clinical applications (pp. 934–957). The Guilford Press.
Flay, B. R., & Petraitis, J. (1994). The theory of Triadic influence: A new theory of health behavior with implications for preventive interventions. Advances in Medical Sociology, 4, 19-44.
Fraley, R. C., & Heffernan, M. E. (2013). Attachment and parental divorce: A test of the diffusion and sensitive period hypotheses. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 39(9), 1199-1213.
Gonçalves, P. D., Moura, H. F., Amaral, R. A., Castaldelli-Maia, J. M. & Malbergier, A. (2020). Alcohol Use and COVID-19: Can we Predict the Impact of the Pandemic on Alcohol Use Based on the Previous Crises in the 21st Century? A Brief Review. Frontiers in Psychiatry 11, 581113. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.581113
Hale, D. R., & Viner, R. M. (2016). The correlates and course of multiple health risk behaviour in adolescence. BMC Public Health, 16, 458. doi: 10.1186/s12889-016-3120-z
Hazan, C., & Shaver, P. R. (1987). Romantic love conceptualized as an attachment process. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52(1), 511-524.
Hazan, C., & Zeifman, D. (1999). Pair bonds as attachments: Evaluating the evidence. In J. Cassidy & P. R. Shaver (Eds.), Handbook of attachment: Theory, research, and clinical applications. The Guilford Press.
Kawsiso, M., Homsin, P., & Srisuriyawet, R. (2564). Predicting factors of multiple risk behaviors among male adolescents in Lopburi Province. Thai Red Cross Nursing Journal, 14(1), 140-155. (in Thai)
Kim, H. M., & Miller, L. C. (2020). Are insecure attachment styles related to risky sexual behavior? A meta-analysis. Health Psychology, 39(1), 46–57. doi.org/10.1037/hea0000821
Kipping, R. R., Smith, M., Heron, J., Hickman, M., & Campbell, R. (2015). Multiple risk behaviour in adolescence and socio-economic status: Findings from a UK birth cohort. European Journal of Public Health, 25(1), 44–49. doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/cku078
Krajangsaeng, K., Chanasith, K., & Chantuk, T. (2561). Causal factors affecting the behavior of violence against others of middle adolescents. Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Thonburi University, 12(27), 97-110. (in Thai)
Lawson, M., Piel, M. H., & Simon, M. (2020). Child maltreatment during the COVID-19 pandemic: Consequences of parental job loss on psychological and physical abuse towards children. Child Abuse & Neglect, 110(Pt 2), 104709. doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104709
Lemelin, C., Lussier, Y., Sabourin, S., Brassard, A., & Naud, C. (2014). Risky sexual behaviours: The role of substance use, psychopathic traits, and attachment insecurity among adolescents and young adults in Quebec. Canadian Journal of Human Sexuality,23(3), 189–199.
Loades, M. E., Chatburn, E., Higson-Sweeney, N., Reynolds, S., Shafran, R., Brigden, A., … Crawley, E. (2020). Rapid systematic review: The impact of social isolation and loneliness on the mental health of children and adolescents in the context of COVID-19. Journal of American Academy Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 59(11), 1218-1239.e3. doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2020.05.009
Muanphetch, C., Maharachapong, N., & Abdullakasim, P. (2020). Sexual media literacy and sexual behaviors among adolescents in Thailand. Journal of Health Science Research,14(2), 23–33. (in Thai)
Niyomrat, P. (2018). Factors related to sexual risk behaviors among teenage pregnancy in Sanamchaikate Hospital, Sanamchaikate Distric, Chachoengsao Province (Research report). Chachoengsao: Budhasothon Hospital, Chachoengsao. (in Thai)
Octavius, G. S., Silviani, F. R., Lesmandjaja, A., Angelina, A., & Juliansen, A. (2020). Impact of COVID-19 on adolescents’ mental health: A systematic review. Middle East Current Psychiatry, 27(1), 72. doi.org/10.1186/s43045-020-00075-4
Pereda, N., & Díaz-Faes, D.A. (2020). Family violence against children in the wake of COVID-19 pandemic: A review of current perspectives and risk factors. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health, 14, 40. doi.org/10.1186/s13034-020-00347-1
Poogpan, J., Piyasuwan, S., & Khamenkan, K. (2019). Psychological well-being of adolescence in broken family: Descriptive Phenomenology. Journal of Boromarajonani College of Nursing, Bangkok, 35(1), 214-223. (in Thai)
Powwattana, A., Auemaneekul, N., & Lagampan, S. (2561). Risk behaviors prevention in adolescence: Concepts and management in multilevel approach (2nd ed.). Bangkok: Danex Intercorporation. (in Thai)
Prachanno, W., Srisuriyawet, R., & Homsin, P. (2017). Factors influencing sexual behaviors among primary school students based on the Information motivation behavioral skills model. Journal of Nursing Science Chulalongkorn University, 29(2), 39-51. (in Thai)
Reininger, B., Evans, A. E., Griffin, S. F., Valois, R. F., Vincent, M. L., Parra-Medina, D., … Zullig, K. J. (2003). Development of a youth survey to measure risk behaviors, attitudes and assets: Examining multiple influences. Health Education Research, 184, 461–476.
Reyes, B. D., Hargreaves, D. S., & Creese, H. (2021). Early-life maternal attachment and risky health behaviours in adolescence: Findings from the United Kingdom Millennium Cohort Study. BMC Public Health 21, 2039. doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-12141-5
Rossi, A., Panzeri, A., Pietrabissa, G., Manzoni, G. M., Castelnuovo, G., & Mannarini, S. (2020). The anxiety-buffer hypothesis in the time of COVID-19: When self-esteem protects from the impact of loneliness and fear on anxiety and depression. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 2177. doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.02177
Samruayruen, K., Poocharoen, O., & Junsukon, E. (2017). The relationship between parenting styles, communication and sexual risk behaviors among high school female students, Phitsanulok Province. Rajabhat Journal of Sciences, Humanities and Social Sciences, 18(1), 41-50. (in Thai)
Sawangtook, S. & Thano, P. (2015). The study of the awareness of sexual risk behaviors and sexual risk behaviors of adolescent students. Kuakarun Journal of Nursing, 22(2), 41-56. (in Thai)
Schumacker, R. E., & Lomax, R. G. (2010). A beginner’s guide to structural equation modeling (3rd ed.). New York, NY: Routledge Academic.
Shapiro, O., Gannot, R. N., Green, G., Zigdon, A., Zwilling, M., Giladi, A., … Tesler, R. (2022). Risk behaviors, family support, and emotional health among adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic in Israel. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(7), 3850. doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19073850
Shroff, A., Fassler, J., Fox, K. R., & Schleider, J. L. (2022). The impact of COVID-19 on U.S. adolescents: Loss of basic needs and engagement in health risk behaviors. Current Psychology (New Brunswick, N.J.), 1–11. doi.org/10.1007/s12144-021-02411-1
Sihawong, S. & Deeduangpan, S. (2017). The correlated between parenting styles and risk behaviors in adolescents. Journal of Science and Technology, Ubon Ratchathani University, 19(3), 165-172. (in Thai)
Thammaraksa, P., Powwattana, A., Wannasuntad, S., & Tipkanjanaraykha, K. (2019). Factors related to multiple risk behaviors among female secondary school students. Journal of Boromarajonani College of Nursing, Bangkok, 35(1), 224-238. (in Thai)
Thiraphattarapun, W., Powwattana, A., & Auemaneekul, N. (2017). Association between multiple risk behaviors and life assets of high school and vocational students. Journal of Public Health Nursing. 31, (3), 1–18. (in Thai)
Wang, C., Pan, R., Wan, X., Tan, Y., Xu, L., Ho, C.S., … Ho, R. C. (2020). Immediate psychological responses and associated factors during the initial stage of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic among the general population in China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(5), 1729. doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17051729.
Ward, L. M. (2016). Media and Sexualization: State of Empirical Research, 1995–2015. The Journal of Sex Research, 53, 4-5, 560-577. doi.org/10.1080/00224499.2016.1142496
Wiguna, T., Anindyajati, G., Kaligis, F., Ismail, R. I., Minayati, K., Hanafi, E., … Pradana, K. (2020). Brief research report on adolescent mental well-being and school closures during the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 11, 598756. doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.598756.
World Health Organization. (2020). WHO Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19). Retrieved from https://covid19.who.int/.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Nursing Journal
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
บทความที่ได้รับการตีพิมพ์เป็นลิขสิทธิ์ของวารสารพยาบาลสาร
ข้อความที่ปรากฏในบทความแต่ละเรื่องในวารสารวิชาการเล่มนี้เป็นความคิดเห็นส่วนตัวของผู้เขียนแต่ละท่านไม่เกี่ยวข้องกับมหาวิทยาลัยเชียงใหม่ และคณาจารย์ท่านอื่นๆในมหาวิทยาลัยฯ แต่อย่างใด ความรับผิดชอบองค์ประกอบทั้งหมดของบทความแต่ละเรื่องเป็นของผู้เขียนแต่ละท่าน หากมีความผิดพลาดใด ๆ ผู้เขียนแต่ละท่านจะรับผิดชอบบทความของตนเองแต่ผู้เดียว