The Effects of an Individual and Family Self-Management Promotion Program Based on PITS Education on Self-Management Behaviors in People with Uncontrolled Type II Diabetes for Slowing Renal Impairment and Improving Clinical Outcomes
Keywords:
Individual and family self-management, Self-management behaviors, Slowing renal impairment, The PITS model, Uncontrolled type II DMAbstract
Chronic kidney disease is a serious complication for uncontrolled diabetic patients, affecting them physically, mentally, socially, and economically, as well as impacting their quality of life. This two-group quasi-experimental approach with pretest-posttest design aimed to examine the effects of a self-management promotion program for individuals and families, providing knowledge based on PITS principles, on self-management behaviors to slow kidney deterioration and improve clinical outcomes in patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes. The participants were divided into an experimental group and a control group of 12 each. The experimental group received the self-management program based on the PITS Model and conducted 8 times at weekly intervals. Data were collected before the experiment, after the experiment (Week 8), and during follow-up (Week 12) using a self-management behavior assessment questionnaire. Clinical outcomes (HbA1c, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure) were recorded. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, and repeated measures ANCOVA.
The findings revealed that the experimental group had a mean score of self-management behavior for slowing renal impairment in the post-test and follow-up periods that was significantly higher than before receiving the program (F = 101.22, p-value < .001), and significantly higher than the control group (F =129.19, p-value < .001). Additionally, the experimental group exhibited statistically significant improvements in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels and both systolic and diastolic blood pressure from pre-intervention levels (p < .001). Nevertheless, these clinical parameters showed no statistically significant differences when compared to the control group.
The findings could help the creation of guidelines for nurses to manage patients with uncontrolled diabetes, with the goal of preventing early-stage kidney disease within communities.
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