Aspirin for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes
Keywords:
aspirin, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseaseAbstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the most prevalent cause of mortality and morbidity in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Hyperglycemia and insulin resistance play a critical role in the development of atherosclerosis, and the coexistence of hypertension (HT) and dyslipidemia (DLP) further increases the risk of CVD in T2DM. Epidemiological data support that T2DM patients without previous myocardial infarction have a similar risk of myocardial infarction as nondiabetic patients with previous myocardial infarction. Aspirin is used for the secondary prevention of CVD, but the efficacy of aspirin for primary prevention in T2DM remains controversial. This article reviewed the recent evidence from three randomized controlled trials (ASCEND, ARRIVE and ASPREE) on the effects of aspirin for primary prevention. These studies showed that aspirin therapy provided a benefit in primary prevention but also increased the risk of serious major bleeding events in diabetic patients. The positive benefits of aspirin in preventing serious vascular events were largely counterbalanced by an increased risk of bleeding. Based on the results of these trials, especially the ASCEND study, the American Diabetes Association’s 2020 Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes recommend the use of aspirin for primary prevention in diabetic patients with an increased cardiovascular risk after a comprehensive discussion with the patient on the benefits versus the comparable increased risk of bleeding.
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