Comparative Study of Immunogenicity and reactogenicity of ChAdOx1 vaccine in patients with autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic diseases and healthy controls

บทคัดย่อ

        The data are limited on vaccine responses in patients with autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic disease (AIRD), especially for the adenoviral vector ChAdOx1 vaccine. This single-center prospective cohort study evaluated the immunogenicity and safety of ChAdOx1 vaccine in patients with AIRD at Chulabhorn Hospital, Thailand. Thirty-five patients with AIRDs were enrolled between June 9 and July 1, 2021. The immune response and reactogenicity data of 70 healthcare workers (age- and sex-frequency matched) were used as a control group. All participants were vaccinated with two doses of ChAdOx1 vaccine with a 3-month interval. Antibodies against the receptor-binding domain of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike protein were assessed prevaccination, 3 months after the first dose, and 1 month after the second dose. Disease activity and reactogenicity were assessed before and 7 days after both vaccinations.

        The geometric mean concentration of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies at 3 months after the first vaccination was significantly lower in patients than that in healthy controls (21.82 vs 66.01 BAU/mL, P = 0.002), although there was an insignificant decrease in antibody response in patients with AIRDs compared with that in healthy controls at 1 month after the second vaccination (647.05 vs 814.08 BAU/mL, P = 0.484). Vaccines were mostly well tolerated with mild adverse reactions, and no patients experienced a disease flare. The antibody responses of patients with AIRDs did not significantly differ from those of healthy controls but did tend to be lower. Most vaccinations were well-tolerated without postvaccination disease flares.