Sex differences in risk for developing recurrence within one-year: a comparison of risk score, risk level, and risk factors among young adults women and men with ischemic stroke
Keywords:
gender difference, risk factor, stroke in young adult patients, stroke recurrenceAbstract
This retro-prospective descriptive study aimed to analyze the comparative relationship of risk score, risk for developing recurrence within one year and risk factors among female and male young adults with ischemic stroke. The secondary data were examined from stroke registry of the total 3,226 ischemic stroke patients who were admitted to Hat Yai Hospital during October 2011 to February 2016. The risk levels were assessed by using the Essen Stroke Risk Score (ESRS). Based on eight risk factors including age, hypertension, diabetes, previous stroke or transient ischemic attack, myocardial infarction, other cardiovascular diseases except for myocardial infarction and atrial fibrillation, peripheral vascular disease, and smoking, risk level was determined low and high. Logistic regression model was employed by using odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95%CI).
It was found that females were more likely to have less total score on ESRS (p = <.001) than males. Females and males had differences risk levels (χ2 = 35.94, p = 0.000). The prevalence of risk factors were different in two factors, diabetes (χ2 = 5.754, p = 0.016) and smoking (χ2 = 35.94, p=0.000). Analyzing logistic regression model revealed that the prevalence of diabetes (OR 1.59, 95%CI 1.12-2.26, p = 0.009), and hypertension (OR 1.35, 95%CI 1.01-1.82, p = 0.017) of females were higher than the prevalence of males. However, the prevalence of smoking (OR 0.02, 95%CI 0.01-0.03, p = 0.000) of females was lower than the prevalence of males.
This research suggested that risk factors for recurrent ischemic stroke of female and male young adult patients were different. The risk factor assessment based on genders is a significant clinical data in order to consider risk prevention guidelines of recurrence within one year in young adult patients with ischemic stroke.
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