The effect of accelerated aging on phase transformation and flexural strength of conventional and translucent zirconia-based dental ceramics The effect of accelerated aging on phase transformation and flexural strength of conventional and translucent zirconia-based dental ceramics
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Published:
Jun 18, 2019
Keywords:
accelerated aging, flexural strength, low temperature degradation, phase transformation, Y-TZP, zirconia
Main Article Content
Abstract
Low temperature degradation (LTD) occurs by tetragonal-to-monoclinic phase transformation of yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal dental ceramics (Y-TZP). In this study, the influence of the hydrothermal aging on phase transformation and flexural strength of Y-TZP ceramics was investigated. Bar-shaped specimens (22.0mmx1.5mmx4.0 mm) of two Y-TZP (Ceramill ZI and Ceramill zolid FX) were subjected to hydrothermal aging at 134˚C under 0.2 MPa for 0, 1 and 2 hours (n=6). The phase transformation (tetragonal-to-monoclinic) was evaluated by x-ray diffraction (XRD). The flexural strength was determined using four-point bending test. The amount of monoclinic phase conversion and flexural strength data were statistically analysed by two-way ANOVA at α=.05. The results from the XRD analysis showed that the monoclinic phase increased from 0.1 to 4.8 % for Ceramill ZI with an increase in the autoclaving time from 0 to 2 hrs, respectively. For Ceramill zolid FX, an increase in monoclinic phase fraction was minor, ranging between 0.8 (control) to 1.7 % after autoclaving for 1 and 2 hrs. The flexural strengths of these materials were not significant different after aging for 2 hours. In conclusion, the hydrothermal aging induced monoclinic-phase transformation in Y-TZP ceramics. However, an increase in monoclinic phase caused from hydrothermal aging in this study did not significantly affect the flexural strength of Ceramill ZI and Ceramill zolid FX.
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1.
Limsamai N, Pongpruaksa P, Suputtamongkol K. The effect of accelerated aging on phase transformation and flexural strength of conventional and translucent zirconia-based dental ceramics: The effect of accelerated aging on phase transformation and flexural strength of conventional and translucent zirconia-based dental ceramics. M Dent J [Internet]. 2019 Jun. 18 [cited 2024 Nov. 18];39(2):99-105. Available from: https://he02.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/mdentjournal/article/view/184127
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Original articles
References
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31. Flinn BD, deGroot DA, Mancl LA, Raigrodski AJ. Accelerated aging characteristics of three yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystalline dental materials. J Prosthet Dent. 2012; 108(4): 223-30.
32. Lughi V, Sergo V. Low Temperature Degradation-Aging-of Zirconia: A Critical Review of The Relevant Aspects in Dentistry. Dent Mater. 2010: 807-20.
33. ISO.(2015) ISO 13356 Implants for surgery - Ceramic materials based on yttria stabilized tetragonal zirconia (Y-TZP).
34. Lu H-Y, Chen S-Y. Low-Temperature Aging of t-ZrO2 Polycrystals with 3 mol% Y2O3. J Am Ceram Soc. 1987; 70(8): 537-41.
35. Munoz EM, Longhini D, Antonio SG, Adabo GL. The effects of mechanical and hydrothermal aging on microstructure and biaxial flexural strength of an anterior and a posterior monolithic zirconia. J Dent. 2017; 63: 94-102.
2. Kobayashi K, Kuwajima H, Masaki T. Phase change and mechanical properties of ZrO2-Y2O3 solid electrolyte after ageing. Solid State Ionics. 1981; 3: 489-93.
3. Sato T, Shimada M. Transformation of Yttria-Doped Tetragonal ZrO2 Polycrystals by Annealing in Water. J Am Ceram Soc. 1985; 68(6): 356-56.
4. Yoshimura M, Noma T, Kawabata K, Sōmiya S. Role of H2O on the degradation process of of Y-TZP. J Mater Sci Lett. 1987; 6(4): 465-467
5. Swab JJ. Low temperature degradation of Y-TZP materials. J Mater Sci. 1991; 26(24): 6706-14.
6. Chevalier J, Gremillard L, Virkar AV, Clarke DR. The Tetragonal-Monoclinic Transformation in Zirconia: Lessons Learned and Future Trends. J Am Ceram Soc. 2009; 92(9): 1901-20.
7. Chevalier J, Deville S, Münch E, Jullian R, Lair F. Critical effect of cubic phase on aging in 3mol% yttria-stabilized zirconia ceramics for hip replacement prosthesis. Biomaterials. 2004; 25(24): 5539-45.
8. Deville S, Gremillard L, Chevalier J, Fantozzi G. A critical comparison of methods for the determination of the aging sensitivity in biomedical grade yttria-stabilized zirconia. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater. 2005; 72(2): 239-45.
9. Piconi C, Burger W, Richter HG, Cittadini A, Covacci V, Bruzzese N, et al.Y -TZP ceramics for artificial joint replacements. Biomaterials. 1998; 19(16): 1489-94.
10. Raigrodski AJ, Hillstead MB, Meng GK, Chung K-H. Survival and complications of zirconia-based fixed dental prostheses: A systematic review. J Prosthet Dent. 2012; 107(3): 170-77.
11. Klimke J, Trunec M, Krell A. Transparent Tetragonal Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia Ceramics: Influence of Scattering Caused by Birefringence. J Am Ceram Soc. 2011; 94(6): 1850-58.
12. Hallmann L, Mehl A, Ulmer P, Reusser E, Stadlaer J,Zenobi R, et al. The influence of grain size on low-temperature degradation of dental zirconia. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater. 2012; 100B(2): 447-56.
13. Matsui K, Yamakawa T, Uehara M, Enomoto N, Hojo J. Mechanism of Alumina-Enhanced Sintering of Fine Zirconia Powder: Influence of Alumina Concentration on the Initial Stage Sintering. J Am Ceram Soc. 2008 ;91(6): 1888-97.
14. Chevalier J, Cales B, Drouin JM. Low-Temperature Aging of Y-TZP Ceramics. J Am Ceram S.1999; 82(8): 2150-54.
15. Molin M, Karlsson S. Five-year clinical prospective evaluation of zirconia-based Denzir 3-unit FPDs. Int J Prosthodont. 2008; 21(3): 223-7
16. Sailer I, Feher A, Filser F, et al. Five-year clinical results of zirconia frameworks for posterior fixed partial dentures. Int J Prosthodont. 2007; 20(4): 383-8.
17. Duwez P, Odell F. Quantitative analysis of cubic and monoclinic zirconia by x-ray diffraction*. J Am Ceram Soc.1949; 32(5): 180-83.
18. Garvie RC, Nicholson PS. Phase Analysis in Zirconia Systems. J Am Ceram Soc.1972; 55(6): 303-05.
19. Toraya H, Yoshimura M, Somiya S. Calibration Curve for Quantitative Analysis of the Monoclinic-Tetragonal ZrO2 System by X-Ray Diffraction. J Am Ceram Soc. 1984; 67(6): C‐119-C‐21.
20. McCusker L, B. Von Dreele R, E. Cox D, Louer D, Scardi P. Reitveld Refinement Guidelines. J. Appl. Cryst. 1999; 32: 36-50
21. Basilio Mde A, Cardoso KV, Antonio SG, Rizlalla AS, Santos J-GC, Arioli F-JN. Effects of artificial aging conditions on yttria-stabilized zirconia implant abutments. J Prosthet Dent. 2016; 116(2): 277-85.
22. Flinn BD, Raigrodski AJ, Singh A, Mancl LA. Effect of hydrothermal degradation on three types of zirconias for dental application. J Prosthet Dent. 2014; 112(6): 1377-84.
23. Siarampi E, Kontonasaki E, Andrikopoulos KS, et al. Effect of in vitro aging on the flexural strength and probability to fracture of Y-TZP zirconia ceramics for all-ceramic restorations. Dent Mater. 2014; 30(12): e306-e16.
24. Cattani-Lorente M, Scherrer SS, Ammann P, Jobin M, Wiskott HWA. Low temperature degradation of a Y-TZP dental ceramic. Acta Biomater. 2011; 7(2): 858-65.
25. Lucas TJ, Lawson NC, Janowski GM, Burgess JO. Phase transformation of dental zirconia following artificial aging. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater. 2015; 103(7): 1519-23.
26. Kim H-T, Han J-S, Yang J-H, Lee J-B, Kim S-H. The effect of low temperature aging on the mechanical property & phase stability of Y-TZP ceramics. J Adv Prosthodont. 2009; 1(3): 113-17.
27. De Souza GM, Zykus A, Ghahnavyeh RR, Lawrence SK, Bahr DF. Effect of accelerated aging on dental zirconia-based materials. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater. 2017; 65: 256-63.
28. Borchers L, Stiesch M, Bach F-W, Buhl J-C, Hubsch C, Kellner T, et al. Influence of hydrothermal and mechanical conditions on the strength of zirconia. Acta Biomaterialia. 2010; 6(12): 4547-52.
29. Pinto PA, Colas G, Filleter T, De Souza GM. Surface and Mechanical Characterization of Dental Yttria-Stabilized Tetragonal Zirconia Polycrystals (3Y-TZP) After Different Aging Processes. Microsc Microanal. 2016; 22(6): 1179-88.
30. Flinn BD, Raigrodski AJ, Mancl LA, Toivola R, Kuykendall T. Influence of aging on flexural strength of translucent zirconia for monolithic restorations. J Prosthet Dent. 2017; 117(2):303-09.
31. Flinn BD, deGroot DA, Mancl LA, Raigrodski AJ. Accelerated aging characteristics of three yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystalline dental materials. J Prosthet Dent. 2012; 108(4): 223-30.
32. Lughi V, Sergo V. Low Temperature Degradation-Aging-of Zirconia: A Critical Review of The Relevant Aspects in Dentistry. Dent Mater. 2010: 807-20.
33. ISO.(2015) ISO 13356 Implants for surgery - Ceramic materials based on yttria stabilized tetragonal zirconia (Y-TZP).
34. Lu H-Y, Chen S-Y. Low-Temperature Aging of t-ZrO2 Polycrystals with 3 mol% Y2O3. J Am Ceram Soc. 1987; 70(8): 537-41.
35. Munoz EM, Longhini D, Antonio SG, Adabo GL. The effects of mechanical and hydrothermal aging on microstructure and biaxial flexural strength of an anterior and a posterior monolithic zirconia. J Dent. 2017; 63: 94-102.