Plasma cell gingivitis associated with dry flower buds of clove: a case report

Abstract

Plasma cell gingivitis (PCG) is an uncommon condition of the gingiva characterized by erythematous, edematous
and easily-bleeding gingiva. Its etiology is unknown, but hypersensitivity reaction has been proposed. Here we
reported a 35-year-old female who used dry flower buds of clove as herbal oral lozenge and later noticed redness
of the lips and gingiva. Oral examination revealed fiery red gingiva with easily bleeding. Upper and lower labial
mucosa showed moderate erythema with slightly erosive surface and burning sensation. Histopathological
examination revealed a hyperplastic epithelium with spongiosis and exocytosis. The lamina propria showed
intense infiltration of mature plasma cells with a few lymphocytes and numerous dilated capillaries. These
characteristics were compatible with the diagnosis as PCG. Additionally, we proceeded direct immunofluorescent
(DIF) study of the lesion. Besides oral hygiene care and suggestion to refrain from causative agents as well as
herbal related products, the use of systemic and topical corticosteroids brought successful treatment outcomes
with no need for surgical procedures. There was no sign of recurrence during the period of 2-year follow-up.