Effect of different molecular weight of chitosan mouthwash formulations against Streptococcus mutans
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Abstract
Objectives: This study aimed to examine the antibacterial and antibiofilm properties of chitosan mouthwash formulations against Streptococcus mutans, using chitosan polymers of different molecular weight.
Materials and Methods: Chitosan mouthwashes at pH 6.0 were prepared from different molecular
weights of shrimp chitosan (30 kDa, 890 kDa) at various concentrations (2.5, 5.0 mg/mL). Chlorhexidine
mouthwash was used as a positive control. All formulations were evaluated for their antibacterial and
antibiofilm properties against Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175. Antibacterial property was determined
by using the time-dependent killing effect at 0 minute, 30 minutes, and 2 hours. Reductive and preventive
properties on biofilm were assessed by adapting the microtiter plate test for quantification of biofilm
formation. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS program version 17.0, with the significance
level at p<0.05.
Results: All chitosan mouthwashes, of different molecular weight and concentration, could reduce the planktonic form of Streptococcus mutans within 2 hours. Chitosan mouthwashes reduced established Streptococcus mutans biofilm by up to 92.27%, depending on the exposure time. The preventive effect of chitosan mouthwash against new Streptococcus mutans biofilm formation was improved to 97%.
Conclusion: Both low molecular weight and high molecular weight chitosan polymer could be used for mouthwash formulations with effective antibacterial and antibiofilm properties. Moreover, chitosan mouthwash had a greater antibiofilm property than chlorhexidine mouthwash.
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References
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