Effects of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type9 inhibitors on salivary glands of obese rats induced by high-fat diet consumption
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Abstract
Background and Objective(s): Obesity could alter cellular metabolism, leading to insulin resistance and increased vulnerability to oxidative stress, inflammation, and impairment of peripheral organs. Atorvastatin and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors have been approved as lipid-lowering agents for patients with dyslipidemia and have shown potential in enhancing metabolic, brain, and cognitive functions in obese patients. However, the impact of atorvastatin and PCSK9 inhibitors on salivary glands in an obesity model is still insufficiently explored.
Material and Methods: Twenty-four female Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) were divided into two groups: those fed a normal diet (ND) and those fed a high-fat diet (HFD), for 16 weeks. During the final four weeks of the study, ND-fed rats received subcutaneous injections of normal saline solution (NDV), while HFD-fed rats were further subdivided intothree treatment groups: normal saline solution (HFV), atorvastatin (40 mg/kg/day; HFA), and PCSK9 inhibitor (4 mg/kg/day; HFP). Submandibular salivary glands were removed to evaluate oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis.
Results: Consumption of the HFD led to obesity and damage to the salivary glands, evidenced by increased inflammation and reduced anti-apoptotic expression. Conversely, treatment with atorvastatin and PCSK9 inhibitors improved salivary gland conditions in obese rats, as shown by decreased inflammation and enhanced anti-apoptotic expression.
Conclusion: Atorvastatin and PCSK9 inhibitors prevented salivary gland injury associated with obesity.
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