High FGFR2 expression associated with gene amplification of FGFR2 in ameloblastoma: a preliminary study
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Abstract
Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the frequency of fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) gene copy number variation, and expression of FGFR2 protein in a group of Thai ameloblastoma patients with ameloblastoma, and assess any potential associations among FGFR2 protein expression, gene copy number variation, and clinicopathological parameters.
Materials and Methods: Fifty samples of ameloblastoma and five samples of dental follicles preserved in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded blocks were collected from the archives of Oral Pathology laboratories, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University. The expression of FGFR2 protein was examined using an immunohistochemical study. The immunoreaction was recorded by two pathologists using an immunoreactivity scoring system. Subsequently, tissue microdissection was performed, and genomic DNA was extracted using the phenol-chloroform technique. The relative copy number of FGFR2 gene was determined using quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction.
Results: Approximately 66.0% of ameloblastoma samples demonstrated high expression of FGFR2 protein compared to negatively FGFR2 stained dental follicles. No association was identified between FGFR2 protein expression and any clinicopathological parameters. In addition, 73.3% of ameloblastoma cases demonstrated a normal FGFR2 gene copy number, while FGFR2 gene amplification was observed in eight cases (26.7%) of ameloblastoma, while all cases of dental follicle showed a normal FGFR2 gene copy number. Moreover, amplification of FGFR2 gene was statistically significantly associated with high expression of FGFR2 protein (p=0.010).
Conclusions: High expression of FGFR2 protein, as well as FGFR2 gene amplification, were observed in ameloblastoma samples. Additionally, a significant association between FGFR2 gene amplification and high FGFR2 protein expression was identified. Hence, FGFR2 amplification, resulting in high expression of FGFR2 protein and alteration of FGF-MAPK signaling, could play an important role in the tumorigenesis of ameloblastoma.
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