Impaired oral function in older adults with type 2 diabetes
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Abstract
Objective: This cross-sectional study aimed to identify the occurrence of impaired oral functions (the number of teeth present, subjective difficulties in eating tough food and swallowing, oral moisture, chewing ability, and oral diadochokinesis (ODK)) in community-dwelling older adults with type 2 diabetes.
Materials and Methods: One hundred participants aged 60 and above in Lop Buri province, Thailand, were enrolled in this study. Demographic data, clinical data, and oral status were collected using questionnaires, medical records, and clinical examination. Oral moisture was measured using an oral moisture-checking device. Color-changeable chewing gum and a color scale were used to evaluate chewing ability. To evaluate ODK, the participants were asked to repeat each single syllable /pa/, /ta/, /ka/ for 5 seconds. The number of repetitions per second was recorded using the pen-dotting method. The data were analyzed using Pearson’s chi-squared test, Fisher’s exact test, correlation test, independent sample t-test, and the Mann-Whitney test.
Results: The most common impaired oral function was decreased ODK (85%), followed closely by a decrease in the number of posterior occluding teeth (83%), subjective difficulties in eating tough food (72%), compromised chewing ability (35%), and impaired oral moisture (23%). Only 8% of the participants reported swallowing difficulties. Eighty-three participants (83%) experienced ≥3 impaired oral functions.
Conclusions: This study revealed the presence of impaired oral function in a group of diabetic older persons. The rapidity of lip and tongue movement, chewing ability, and oral moisture decreased in function. A decrease in oral function tended to correspond with increasing age and blood glucose level.
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