Effectiveness of passive ultrasonic irrigation and XP-endo Finisher in removing calcium hydroxide with different vehicles.
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Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) and the XP-endo Finisher (XPF) in removing calcium hydroxide (CH) residues from root canal walls across four different formulations.
Materials and Methods: Ninety mandibular premolar teeth were used in this study. After accessing the pulp chamber, root canals were prepared using the WaveOne® Gold system up to size 45. The specimens were randomly divided into four experimental groups (n=22): CH powder mixed with distilled water (CP), Ultracal™ XS (UC) representing aqueous-based CH, Metapaste® (MP) representing viscous-based CH, and Vitapex® (VP) representing oil-based CH. Within each group, two teeth were designated as positive controls, and the remaining 20 teeth were further subdivided based on the irrigation technique (PUI and XPF). Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis was used to evaluate the efficacy of each method in removing CH residues at the apical level, with statistical analysis conducted using two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc test.
Results: Cleaning efficacy was significantly affected by the type of medication (p<0.001), with VP showing the highest amount of remaining CH residue in both irrigation techniques. The percentages of remaining CH were as follows: CP-20.11%, UC-27.69%, MP-30.97%, and VP-55.37% in the PUI group, and CP-31.46%, UC-27.43%, MP-34.33%, and VP-59.37% in the XPF group, with statistical significance.
Conclusions: At the apical level, PUI and XPF are comparably effective in removing CH. The vehicle used to prepare CH is the most important factor affecting its removal. CP, UC, and MP showed similar removal efficacy, while VP was notably more challenging to remove at the apical level.
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