The effect of different concentrations of radiopacifier agents on the radiopacity level of nano-calcium hydroxide intracanal medication
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Abstract
Objective: To assess radiopacity among nano-calcium hydroxide without and with the addition of various concentrations of barium sulfate as a radiopacifier.
Materials and Methods: The radiopacity of six materials: nano-calcium hydroxide, nano-calcium hydroxide with 25%, 30%, 35%, and 40% by weight of barium sulfate, and Ultracal XS® were evaluated according to ISO 6876:2012, with 5 specimens per group. Nano-calcium hydroxide and the various percentages by weight of barium sulfate were combined using a blending machine, then mixed with distilled water with a ratio of 1 g per ml. All samples were placed in the acrylic mold which was positioned alongside 0.5-mm increment aluminium step wedge and irradiated with x-ray 60 kV, 8 mA, for 0.2 seconds on a digital receptor. The radiopacity
of the materials was compared with the aluminium step wedge using the ImageJ program and transformed into mm of Al.
Results: The radiopacity of nano-calcium hydroxide ranged from 0.675 to 2.642 mmAl. The group without a radiopacifier exhibited the lowest radiopacity, followed by the groups with 25%, 30%, and 35% by weight of barium sulfate, while the highest radiopacity was observed in the group with 40% by weight of barium sulfate. Increasing the concentration of barium sulfate in nano-calcium hydroxide resulted in a proportional increase in radiopacity. Ultracal XS® showed lower radiopacity compared to nano-calcium hydroxide with 30% by weight of barium sulfate. Statistically significant differences in radiopacity were observed among all examined materials.
Conclusion: The radiopacity of nano-calcium hydroxide increases with the addition of barium sulfate. Approximately 30% by weight of BaSO4 should be added to achieve a radiopacity greater than 2 mmAl, based on an adaptation of the recommendation from the American National Standards Institute and the American Dental Association.
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