Behcet’s syndrome: a contemporary narrative review

Abstract

     Behcet's syndrome (BS) is a chronic inflammatory condition affecting multiple systems, primarily characterized by recurrent aphthous ulcers, genital ulcers, skin lesions, musculoskeletal issues, arthritis, and involvement of the vascular, ocular, gastrointestinal, and nervous systems. A key feature of BS is the unpredictable pattern of relapses and remissions, with oral ulcers being the most common and often the earliest sign of the disease. These painful oral ulcers can significantly impact a patient's daily functioning and quality of life. The development of BS is influenced by a combination of immune processes, environmental factors (such as viral and bacterial infections like herpes simplex virus and streptococci), hormonal changes, and genetic predisposition. Due to its multisystemic nature, a multidisciplinary approach is essential for effective management. The primary treatment goal is to control inflammation and prevent disease progression involving major organs, which can reduce the risk of mortality. Treatment options vary based on severity and organ involvement, ranging from topical therapies to systemic glucocorticoids and immunosuppressive medications.