The effect of surface roughness on the color stability of polyetheretherketone
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Abstract
The study aimed to evaluate the effects of surface roughness, immersion time, material brand on the color stability of polyetheretherketone (PEEK). Two brands of PEEK (n=48), Smile PEEK and Copra PEEK, were used in this study. Disc-shaped specimens (15 mm in diameter and 3 mm in thickness) were fabricated using milling and sectioned with a high-speed saw. The specimens were then divided into six groups (n = 8 per group) based on the PEEK brand and surface treatment: no polishing, polishing, polishing with glazing. Surface roughness was measured using a 3D laser microscope, and baseline color values were recorded using a spectrophotometer according to the CIELAB system. The specimens were subsequently immersed in distilled water for 60 days. Color changes (ΔE*) were calculated at 15, 30, 45, and 60 days after immersion relative to baseline measurements. Two-way ANOVA revealed that the surface roughness of PEEK was significantly influenced by the polishing protocols. The polishing with glazing group exhibited the lowest surface roughness (Ra), which was significantly lower than that of all other groups (p<0.05). Color change data were analyzed using three-way mixed-design ANOVA. Color change (ΔE*) increased significantly with immersion time in distilled water. The polishing with glazing group demonstrated a significantly lower color change (p<0.05). No significant differences in ΔE* values were observed between Smile PEEK and Copra PEEK under the same surface treatment conditions (p>0.05). Polishing and glazing effectively enhanced the color stability of PEEK materials. Color change increased with immersion time, no significant difference in color stability was found between Smile PEEK and Copra PEEK when subjected to the same surface treatment conditions and immersion durations.
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