Color stability of heat-cured, 3D-printed, and milled denture base materials subjected to denture cleanser immersion
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Abstract
Objectives: This in vitro study aimed to evaluate and compare the color stability (Delta E) of three types of denture base materials: 3D-printed, heat-cured, and milled, after immersion in denture cleanser tablets (Polident®) over a 7-day period.
Materials and Methods: A total of 21 specimens (n=7 per group) were prepared, and their color change was measured at eight distinct time points, ranging from 3 minutes to 7 days. Statistical analysis was performed using a Two-Way Mixed-Design Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) to assess the main effects of resin type and immersion time, as well as their interaction.
Results: The results demonstrated highly significant main effects for both resin type (F(2, 18) = 83.26, p < 0.001) and time (F(2.82, 50.73) = 159.15, p < 0.001), along with a highly significant resin type × time interaction (F(5.64, 50.73) = 12.26, p < 0.001). Post-hoc analysis revealed that 3D-printed resins exhibited the highest and most rapid color change, exceeding the clinically acceptable threshold (Delta E = 3.7) within the first day of immersion. Heat-cured resins showed an intermediate color change, surpassing the clinical threshold between 4 and 5 days. In contrast, milled resins demonstrated superior color stability, remaining below the clinical threshold for the majority of the 7-day period.
Conclusion: These findings indicate that the manufacturing method significantly influences the color stability of acrylic resins when exposed to denture cleansers. 3D-printed resins are more susceptible to discoloration, while milled resins offer enhanced color stability. Clinicians should consider these differential performances when selecting materials for prosthetic restorations and provide appropriate patient education regarding denture care to ensure long-term esthetic outcomes.
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