Comparison of Knowledge, Health Belief, and Perceived Self-Efficacy Between Female Students Who Performed and Did Not Perform Breast Self-Examination
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Abstract
The objective of this descriptive study was to compare knowledge, health belief and perceived selfefcacy of female students, participating in the program developed based on the concept of “Health Belief Model (HBM)” to promote breast self-examination (BSE), who performed and did not perform breast selfexamination (BSE). Two hundred and seventy eight students who voluntarily participated in the program with 1-year follow up were purposively recruited. The instruments used in data collection were Knowledge test with KR 20= .88, and Questionnaires concerning health belief and perceived self-efcacy with Cronbach’s coefcient alpha = .72 and .92 respectively. The data were collected by self-administered and analyzed using descriptive statistics and Mann Whitney U test.
The results shown 87 (27.23%) students performed BSE and 191 (72.77%) students did not perform BSE. The mean rank of knowledge, health belief including perceived susceptibility, perceived benefts and perceived self-efcacy of the students who performed BSE were signifcantly higher (p< .01), whereas perceived barrier was signifcantly lower than those who did not performed BSE (p< .001). The researcher offers recommendations for promoting the breast self-examination program activities among female students to ensure long-lasting behavior change including periodic reminder, since the students are generally healthy they may not pay enough attention to regular BSE. In addition, modify the activities by using suitable social media platforms to increase knowledge, perceived susceptibility, perceived benefts and perceived self-efcacy while decreasing the perceived barrier to BSE are also sugested
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