A Comparative Study of Complications and Pregnancy Outcome of Teenage Pregnancy: Case Study of a Tertiary Hospital in Southern Thailand
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Abstract
Objective: To compare obstetrical complications related to pregnancy and childbirth between adolescent and adult mothers. Methods: This retrospective analytic cohort study focuses on pregnancy complications occurring during pregnancy and postpartum in adolescents and adult women in Hat Yai Hospital between 2016 and 2020. Data were analyzed including frequency, percentage, chi square, relative risk determination with a 95% confidence level and the difference in proportion was statistically significant at p-value < .05. Results: The study found that adolescent pregnancy (13-19 years) accounted for 9.4% of all deliveries (2,885 individuals). Obstetric complications were more prevalent among adolescents than adults, with statistically significant differences observed, including preterm birth (RR 1.47; 95% CI 1.31-1.47), premature rupture of membranes (RR 1.29; 95% CI 1.02-1.40), and infections of genitourinary tract in pregnancy (RR 2.51; 95% CI 1.90-3.72). regarding infant outcomes, adolescents had significantly higher rates of certain complications than adults. These included low birth weight (RR 1.58; 95% CI 1.46-2.02), birth injury to the scalp (RR 1.45; 95% CI 1.18-1.94), childhood pneumonia (RR 1.50; 95% CI 1.06-1.80), small-for-gestational-age (RR 1.63; 95% CI 1.25-2.31), and intrauterine fetal growth restriction (RR 2.44; 95% CI 1.18-3.93). Conclusion: This study indicates that complications of teenage pregnancy are higher than in adults. The findings suggest that health personel should address solving methods and prevent complications in adolescents.
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