Factors Related to Pressure Ulcers from Endotracheal Tube in Adult and Older Adult Patients: An Integrative Review
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Introduction: The purpose of this integrative literature review was to synthesize potential factors related to the occurrence of pressure ulcers from endotracheal tube in adult and elderly patients. The review was of research from electronic databases, including Pub Med, Science Direct, Scopus, and Web of Science between 2015 and 2024. Thirteen full research articles were selected that met the inclusion criteria of the Joanna Briggs Institute. The results of the literature review synthesis found factors related to the occurrence of pressure ulcers from endotracheal intubation in adult and elderly patients, divided into 5 categories 1) Demographic factors including age, gender, and diagnosis; 2) Health condition factors include congenital disease, body weight, Apache-II Score, WBC, Albumin Level, Hemoglobin Level, and Hematocrit Level; 3) Treatment factors included admission in ICU, length of stay for treatment, and history of receiving medicine vasopressor corticosteroid sedative; 4) Biological factors included humidity and edema; 5) Risk factors from equipment included duration of intubation, fixation, suction, and having other equipment inside the mouth besides the endotracheal tube. Conclusion: The results of this study can be used as basic information for further research to explore the relationship of these factors with the occurrence of pressure ulcers from tracheal intubation.
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