Developing Artificial Intelligence for Triage at the Emergency Department, Nakhon Pathom Hospital
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Abstract
BACKGROUND: Triage can help the prioritization of treatment for patient safety. The utilization of artificial intelligence (AI) could assist nurses to perform triage more accurately and quickly.
OBJECTIVES: The purposes of this study were 1) to develop the Nakhon Pathom Triage Application (NPTA), and 2) to assess the accuracy and time spent for triage using NPTA.
METHODS: This action research examined subjects comprising 10 registered nurses working at the Emergency Department, Nakhon Pathom Hospital. The research tools included 1) the NPTA developed by the research team using the Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Clinical Care framework, and the national emergency patient screening criteria called ‘MOPH ED Triage’. The content validity index of NPTA was 1.0, and the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis showed that the area under curve (AUC) value was .84. The second research tool was 2) the outcome record of triage accuracy and time utilization. The Index of Item-Objective Congruence (IOC) of this record was 1.0, and its reliability when testing the NPTA for triage yielded inter-rater reliability of 1.0. Data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics.
RESULTS: The results showed that 1) the NPTA was an AI using data management technology for the assessment of life-threatening condition, vital signs, pain scale, chief complaint and number of health resource utilization so as to identify triage level, and 2) the accuracy rate for triage level using the NPTA was 100 percent, demonstrating in all 30 case scenarios of different triage levels including level 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5. Average time utilization for the triage process for levels 1, 2, and 3 was 4.0±1.1, 18.6±4.5 and 25.3±6.8 seconds, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS: NPTA is a technology that allows for accurate and rapid triage.
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