Accuracy of Clinical Diagnosis and Sensitivity of the Laboratory Confirmation Method for Suspected Leptospirosis in Si Sa Ket Province
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Abstract
BACKGROUND: Leptospirosis is an important zoonotic disease with high morbidity and mortality in Thailand. With early diagnosis and prompt treatment, the mortality rate can be reduced. However, current diagnosis approaches still have many limitations, especially in Thailand, which relies mainly on laboratory results for confirmation of the disease.
OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to assess the accuracy and sensitivity of diagnosis for Leptospirosis among suspected cases in Si Sa Ket Province.
METHODS: This was a diagnostic research using a cross-sectional design, conducted by retrospective data collection. The target population comprised patients at the inpatient department, either at community hospitals or general hospitals in Si Sa Ket Province, who were suspected of having Leptospirosis and had specimens collected for laboratory analysis. Patients diagnosed with Leptospirosis included patients whose laboratory results were confirmed according to the diagnostic criteria of the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
RESULTS: In this study, there were 329 samples suspected of having Leptospirosis during the study period, and a total of 228 were confirmed as contracting Leptospirosis. The accuracy was 69.3%. The sensitivity of Blood PCR, blood culture and MAT was 94.3, 6.5 and 3.6%, respectively. The Leptospira interrogans serovar Shermani was the most common serovar, followed by Leptospira interrogans serovar Australis among all 18 serovars found.
CONCLUSIONS: Accuracy concerning the diagnosis of Leptospirosis among suspected cases in Si Sa Ket Province was high (69.3%). Providing immediate treatment after suspecting Leptospirosis, without waiting for confirmation from laboratory results, should be performed to reduce the mortality rate as well as complications.
Thaiclinicaltrials.org number, TCTR20220510007
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