Effects of Music Therapy on Anxiety, Relaxation, and Vital Signs among Patients Undergoing Lower Extremity Surgery Under Spinal Anesthesia
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Abstract
BACKGROUND: Spinal anesthesia is a type of regional anesthesia in which the patient remains conscious, often leading to anxiety, especially during orthopedic surgery, where the sound of surgical instruments can intensify stress and affect vital signs.
OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to examine the effects of music therapy on patients’ average anxiety levels, relaxation, and vital signs undergoing lower limb orthopedic surgery under spinal anesthesia.
METHODS: This quasi-experimental study used a control and an experimental group. Seventy patients were recruited and divided into two groups of 35 each. The experimental group listened to self-selected music during surgery, while the control group received standard nursing care. Anxiety levels were assessed using the Visual Analogue Scale for Anxiety (VAS-A) before and after surgery. Relaxation and vital signs were also measured. Data were analyzed using independent t-tests and Chi-square tests.
RESULTS: The results revealed that the experimental group had significantly lower average anxiety scores than the control group (p<0.001). Although the relaxation level was higher in the experimental group, the difference was not statistically significant (p=0.06). The mean arterial pressure and respiratory rate were significantly lower in the experimental group (p=0.003 and p=0.012, respectively), while there was no significant difference in heart rate(p=0.67).
CONCLUSIONS: Overall, music therapy effectively reduces anxiety, promotes relaxation, and encourages the regulation of vital signs in patients undergoing surgery under spinal anesthesia.
Thaiclinicaltrials.org number, TCTR20250901002
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