Radiographic Findings of Bone Disease in Hyperparathyroidism
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Abstract
Hyperparathyroidism is a major cause of metabolic bone disease and results in a wide spectrum of radiographic manifestations. Plain radiography remains a fundamental and essential imaging modality for diagnosis. This article aims to review the key radiologic features of skeletal involvement in both primary and secondary hyperparathyroidism. Common findings include bone resorption particularly subperiosteal bone resorption, which is considered pathognomonic periarticular and subchondral resorption, brown tumors, and the classic “salt and pepper” appearance of the skull. In patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism due to chronic kidney disease, abnormal bone sclerosis such as the Rugger-jersey spine may also be observed. Understanding these radiographic features is crucial for accurate diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and assessment of complications, thereby facilitating appropriate and effective patient management.
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