Differences in Tear Film Quantity and Stability Across Circadian Chronotype
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Abstract
The circadian rhythm is regulated by the suprachiasmatic nucleus through retinal signaling via the optic nerve, controlling sleep-wake cycles through the secretion of melatonin and various neurotransmitters. However, individuals differ based on their circadian chronotype, which is categorized into three main patterns: morning type (MT), evening type (ET), and intermediate type (IT). These differences affect not only daily behavior but also autonomic nervous system activity, neurotransmitter levels, and hormone regulation—all of which play key roles in stimulating the lacrimal gland and maintaining the ocular surface. This review aims to analyze the link between circadian chronotypes and changes in both tear film quantity and stability. Current evidence shows that individuals with an ET chronotype have significantly lower tear volume and reduced tear film stability compared to those with an MT chronotype. Additionally, poor sleep quality has been associated with the ET chronotype, while digital screen use may affect ocular surface health. However, there is insufficient evidence to conclude that individuals with an ET chronotype use digital screens more than those with an MT chronotype. Understanding this relationship is crucial for assessing risk and developing personalized strategies to manage and prevent dry eye disease in clinical practice.
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