The Effectiveness of Telemedicine for Pregnant Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus at Nong Khai Hospital
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Objectives: To evaluate the effectiveness of telemedicine in managing and controlling gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) among pregnant women.
Materials and Methods: This study was a randomized controlled trial, in which the experimental group received telemedicine care, while the control group received standard care. The effectiveness was assessed based on maternal blood sugar control, weight gain during pregnancy, delivery outcomes, and neonatal outcomes. A total of 40 participants were enrolled, with 20 in each group.
Results: The group using telemedicine had exhibited better blood sugar control than the control group, with 95% of the experimental group managing their blood sugar effectively compared to 50% in the control group. Additionally, the experimental group showed less weight gain during pregnancy. There were no statistically significant differences in neonatal outcomes between the two groups.
Conclusion: This study demonstrated that telemedicine could be effective in helping pregnant women with GDM control their blood sugar levels without adverse effects on neonatal outcomes. Moreover, telemedicine had enabled the pregnant women to manage their diabetes mellitus more effectively through continuous monitoring by remote healthcare providers.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
References
Modzelewski R, Stefanowicz-Rutkowska MM, Matuszewski W, Bandurska-Stankiewicz EM. Gestational diabetes mellitus—recent literature review. J Clin Med 2022;11:5736.
Silva CM, Arnegard ME, Maric-Bilkan C. Dysglycemia in pregnancy and maternal/fetal outcomes. J Womens Health 2021;30:187-93.
Diagnosis and management of diabetes mellitus in pregnancy | GLOWM [Internet]. [cited 2024 Sep 26]. Available from: http://www.glowm.com/section-view/heading/Diagnosis and Management of Diabetes Mellitus in Pregnancy/item/162
Al-Shwyiat RMM, Radwan AM. Fetal anomalies in gestational diabetes mellitus and risk of fetal anomalies in relation to pre-conceptional blood sugar and glycosylated hemoglobin. J Mother Child 2023;26:73-7.
Garner PR, D’Alton ME, Dudley DK, Huard P, Hardie M. Preeclampsia in diabetic pregnancies. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1990;163:505-8.
Özkan S, Dereli ML, Sucu S, Varlı EN, Akay A, Uzlu SE, et al. Isolated polyhydramnios in the third trimester or polyhydramnios secondary to late-onset gestational diabetes: is it worth distinguishing? Rev Assoc Medica Bras (1992) 2024;70:e20231390.
Negrato CA, Mattar R, Gomes MB. Adverse pregnancy outcomes in women with diabetes. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2012;4:41.
Alemu BT, Olayinka O, Baydoun HA, Hoch M, Akpinar-Elci M. Neonatal hypoglycemia in diabetic mothers: A systematic review. Curr Pediatr Res 2017;21:42-53.
Liu CH, Liu HY, Peng SC, Pan S, Wan ZT, Wu SY, et al. Effect of birth asphyxia on neonatal blood glucose during the early postnatal life: A multi-center study in Hubei Province, China. Pediatr Neonatol 2023;64: 562-9.
Dhediya R, Chadha M, Bhattacharya AD, Godbole S, Godbole S. Role of telemedicine in diabetes management. J Diabetes Sci Technol 2022;17: 775-81.
Vasuratna A, Manusirivithaya S, Tangjitgamol S. (Our) world with COVID-19. Thai J Obstet Gynaecol 2021;29:122-30.
Leblalta B, Kebaili H, Sim R, Lee SWH. Digital health interventions for gestational diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. PLOS Digit Health 2022;1:e0000015.
Zhang A, Wang J, Wan X, Zhang Z, Zhao S, Guo Z, et al. A meta-analysis of the effectiveness of telemedicine in glycemic management among patients with type 2 diabetes in primary care. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022;19:4173.
Cyganek D. The use of telemedicine in the care of pregnant women with gestational diabetes. Am J Biomed Sci Res 2023;19:476-82.
Al-ofi EA, Mosli HH, Ghamri KA, Ghazali SM. Management of postprandial hyperglycaemia and weight gain in women with gestational diabetes mellitus using a novel telemonitoring system. J Int Med Res 2019;47:754-64.
American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee. 15. Management of diabetes in pregnancy: standards of care in diabetes—2025. Diabetes Care 2024;48(Suppl 1):S306-20.
Ngamjarus C, Pattanittum P. n4Studies: application for sample size calculation in health science research [Mobile app]. Version 2.3. App Store; 2024.
Rosner B. Fundamentals of biostatistics. 5th ed. Duxbury: Thomson Learning; 2000:308.
Ngamjarus C. Sample size calculation for health science research. 1st ed. Khon Kaen, Thailand: Khon Kaen University Printing House; 2021.
Kelley KW, Carroll DG, Meyer A. A review of current treatment strategies for gestational diabetes mellitus. Drugs Context 2015;4:212282.
Walker JD. NICE guidance on diabetes in pregnancy: management of diabetes and its complications from preconception to the postnatal period. NICE clinical guideline 63. London, March 2008. Diabet Med J Br Diabet Assoc 2008;25:1025-7.
Sood S, Mbarika V, Jugoo S, Dookhy R, Doarn CR, Prakash N, et al. What is telemedicine? A collection of 104 peer-reviewed perspectives and theoretical underpinnings. Telemed J E-Health 2007;13:573-90.
Tian Y, Zhang S, Huang F, Ma L. Comparing the efficacies of telemedicine and standard prenatal care on blood glucose control in women with gestational diabetes mellitus: Randomized controlled trial. JMIR MHealth UHealth 2021;9:e22881.
Chase HP, Pearson JA, Wightman C, Roberts MD, Oderberg AD, Garg SK. Modem transmission of glucose values reduces the costs and need for clinic visits. Diabetes Care 2003;26:1475-9.
Zork NM. Telehealth for the management of diabetes in pregnancy. Curr Diab Rep 2022;22:365-9.
El Seifi OS, Younis FE, Ibrahim Y, Begum SB, Ahmed SF, Zayed ES, et al. Telemedicine and gestational diabetes mellitus: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Cureus 2024;16:e71907.
Wang Q, Zhang K, Zhang X, Fu J, Liu F, Gao Y, et al. WeChat mini-program, a preliminary applied study of the gestational blood glucose management model for pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2025;219:111943.
Montori S, Lugli F, Monesi M, Scutiero G, Forini E, Greco P, et al. Telemedicine in the treatment of gestational diabetes: An observational cohort study on pregnancy outcomes and maternal satisfaction. Diabet Med 2024;41:e15201.
Miremberg H, Ben-Ari T, Betzer T, Raphaeli H, Gasnier R, Barda G, et al. The impact of a daily smartphone-based feedback system among women with gestational diabetes on compliance, glycemic control, satisfaction, and pregnancy outcome: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2018;218:453.e1-453.e7.
