Developing Transformational Leaders in Primary Care: A Curriculum to Cultivate Leadership Competencies in Primary Care Units and Primary Care Networks
Main Article Content
Abstract
Leaders in primary care units need transformational leadership skills in order to effectively lead their organization. This research and development aimed to 1) develop a transformational leadership curriculum in primary health systems and 2) study the effectiveness of a leadership curriculum promoting leadership competencies in primary care units and networks. The study was conducted across two cohorts of the Transformational Leadership Program in Primary Health Systems. Phase 1 involved 20 participants from the first cohort, selected through specific criteria. Phase 2 comprised 57 participants from the second cohort, selected through simple random sampling. The research tool was a course for developing transformational leadership in a developed primary health system. The tool used for data collection was a competency survey for the leaders of the primary health system that had been developed by the research team, consisting of 5 leadership competency domains: 1) self-development, 2) human development, 3)job development, 4) communication, and 5) integration of work development and communication. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics - the paired sample t-test. The overall training program was evaluated through two methods: 1) assessing the leadership competencies in 5 areas and 2) curriculum validation through an expert panel seminar. The results showed that the transformational leadership competencies in the primary health system across all 5 domains were significantly higher after training. The transformational leadership course for the primary health system proved effective and can be used for further development of leadership competencies in the primary health system.
Article Details
![Creative Commons License](http://i.creativecommons.org/l/by-nc-nd/4.0/88x31.png)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
บทความและรายงานวิจัยในวารสารพยาบาลกระทรวงสาธารณสุข เป็นความคิดเห็นของ ผู้เขียน มิใช่ของคณะผู้จัดทำ และมิใช่ความรับผิดชอบของสมาคมศิษย์เก่าพยาบาลกระทรวงสาธารณสุข ซึ่งสามารถนำไปอ้างอิงได้
References
The Secretariat of the Cabinet. Royal Thai Government Gazette: Primary Care System Act B.E. 2562.
[internet]. 2019. [cited 7 March 2020]. Available from: http://www.ratchakitcha. soc.go.th/DATA/
PDF/2562/A/056/T_0165.PDF .(in Thai)
Bureau of Health Service Support, Ministry of Public Health. Standard quality manual Primary health
services 2023[internet]. 2023 [cited 30 October 2024]. Available from: https://wwwlbo.moph. go.th/
newweb/loadsfile/tp/ค้่ม่อคุณภาพบรกิ ารสุขภาพฐมภ้มิ_66.pdf.(in Thai)
Swanwick T, Varnam R. Leadership development and primary care. BMJ Leader 2019;3:59–61.
Spanos S, Leask E, Patel R, Datyner M, Loh E, Braithwaite J. Healthcare leaders navigating complexity:
a scoping review of key trends in future roles and competencies. BMC Med Educ. 2024;24(1):720. doi:
1186/s12909-024-05689-4.
Bureau of Primary Health Care System Support, Office of the Permanent Secretary Ministry of Public Health.
Guidelines for the establishment of primary care units and primary care networks Act B.E. 2562. 2019.
(in Thai)
Parr JM, Teo S, Koziol-McLain J. A quest for quality care: exploration of a model of leadership
relationships, work engagement, and patient outcomes. J Adv Nurs. 2021;77(1):207–20. doi.
org/10.1111/jan.14583
Ree E, Wiig S. Linking transformational leadership, patient safety culture and work engagement in home
care services. Nurs Open. 2020;7(1):256–64. doi.org/10.1002/nop2.386
Charoenchai S, Ritruechai S, Chanphet J, Tewtong K, Sukolpuk M. The study of the implementation of
the transformational leadership development project in the primary health care system. Journal of Health
Science Research. 2019;13(2):93-102.(in Thai)
Bass BM, Riggio RE. Transformational leadership (2nd ed.). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers;
Charoenchai S, Ritruecha S. Transformative leadership development in primary health care system:
value-based leadership philosophy. Journal of Sakon Nakhon Hospital. 2020;23(2):172-81. (in Thai)
Copeland KM. The emerging significance of values-based leadership: a literature review. International
Journal of Leadership Studies 2014;8(2):105–35.
Schneiderhan J, Guetterman TC, Dobson ML. Curriculum development: a how to primer. Family medicine
and community health. 2019;7(2):e000046. doi.org/10.1136/fmch-2018-000046
Kang H. Sample size determination and power analysis using the G*Power software. J Educ Eval Health
Prof. 2021;18:17. doi: 10.3352/jeehp.2021.18.17.
Kaemkate W. Research methodology in behavioral sciences. 2nd ed. Bangkok: Chulalongkorn University
Printing; 2012.(in Thai)
Hai TN, Van TT, Thi HN. Relationship between transformational leadership style and leadership thinking
of provincial administration leaders. Emerg Sci J. 2021;5(5):714-30. doi: 10.28991 /esj-2021-01307
Curtis GJ. Follower-rated leadership styles, leader behaviours, and leaders’ thinking styles: a test of the
cognitive experiential leadership model. Aust J Psychol. 2020;72(4):318-27. doi:10.1111/ajpy.1
Rasa J. Developing effective health leaders: the critical elements for success. J Hosp Manag Health Policy.
;4:6. doi: 10.21037/jhmhp.2019.11.02
Rotenstein SL, Sadun R, Jena B. “Why doctors need leadership training”, Harvard Business Review
[internet]. 2018 [cited 30 October 2024]. Available from: https://hbr.org/2018/10/why-doctors
-need-leadership-training
van Diggele C, Burgess A, Roberts C, Mellis C. Leadership in healthcare education. BMC Med Educ.
; 20(Suppl 2):456. doi.org/10.1186/s12909-020-02288-x