The Comparative Case Study Nursing Care of AIDS Patients with Hypertension and End Stage Renal Disease Who Are Treated with Hemodialysis

Abstract

AIDS patients with hypertension and end stage renal disease who had treated with hemodialysis, were commonly occurred together and prone to increase complications. Nurses therefore play a crucial role in preventing complications and facilitating the recovery of patients to live normal lives. This study objective to study and compare nursing care for AIDS patients with hypertension and hemodialysis end stage renal disease who had treated with hemodialysis. The study utilized Gordon's Functional Health Patterns theory and compared nursing care for two patients with AIDS, hypertension and hemodialyzed end stage renal disease, who had received treatment at Bamrasnaradura Infectious Diseases Institute based on their health records, during February 2024 to June 2024.

Study findings revealed that the first patient, a 40-year-old Thai female, presented to the hospital with severe lower abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, hypertension and high levels of serum potassium. The initial diagnosis was hyperkalemia, she was admitted to the hospital. Nursing care was observed vital signs, abnormal symptoms and advised to avoid high potassium foods. Post-dialysis, she showed no complications and her condition was improved, leading to a one-day hospital stay. The second patient, a 45-year-old Thai female, presented with headaches, malaise, loss of appetite and poor food intake. Post-dialysis, the patient had experienced symptoms of palpitations, chest oppression and shortness of breath. The initial diagnosis was an atrial fibrillation while undergoing hemodialysis and she was admitted to the hospital for absolute bed rest. Nursing care were assessed vital signs, observed symptoms of blood clots in various parts of the body. Her condition had improved and she was discharged after one day. Assessment and nursing by using the 11 abnormal health behavior patterns (Gordon Health Maintenance Card) revealed similarities in perception and health management, nutrition and food consumption, rest and sleep, self-awareness and mindfulness, except for various abnormal activities and exercises. Nursing care focused on appropriate self-care such as reminders for regular medication intake, suitable food choices selection, eating habits changing, sleep patterns modification, stress and anxiety management recommendations.

            From this study, nurses should possess the knowledge and competency to accurate symptoms assessment, screenings for triage severity levels, diagnosed nursing problems, plan to do nursing interventions and executed care throughout the pre-treatment, treatment and post-treatment phases. This ensures they could provided timely and precisely care, as well as imparted knowledge and guidance to promote patients' continuous self-care effectively.