Synergistic Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Effects of Glochidone in Combina- tion with Antibiotics against Gram Negative Opportunistic Bacteria
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Abstract
This research aimed to study the synergistic effect of Glochidone from G. daltonii with ampicillin and tetracycline to inhibit the growth of gram-negative opportunistic bacteria. The tests were conducted by broth microdilution susceptibility tests. The results revealed that a single dose of Glochidone inhibited the growth of non-drug-resistant Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, and the MIC was equal to 2048 µM. The result was found that Glochidone in combination with tetracycline revealed the best synergistic antibacterial activity against E. coli ATCC 25922 and P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853 with the value of FICI at 0.375 and 0.25, respectively. In addition, from the study of the time kill curve, the synergy effect of Glochidone in combination with tetracycline against E. coli ATCC 25922 and P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853 showed the best inhibition of bacterial growth when using 64 and 32 µM Glochidone, respectively and 128 and 16 µM tetracycline and the best time of synergy effect was indicated at 2-6 hours after starting inoculum. Likewise, the results found that Glochidone indicated the best antibiofilm activity against E. coli ATCC 25922, P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853 and Acinetobacter baumannii at 4-12 hours, and the inhibitory efficacy values were 63.73-71.54%. Glochidone in combination with tetracycline indicated significantly better antibiofilm activity than a single dose of Glochidone against three strains of tested bacteria except A. baumannii (p-value <0.05).
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