Development of Toner from Garcinia cowa Laves Extract Containing Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities
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Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the antioxidant and antibacterial activities of Garcinia cowa leaf extract against Cutibacterium acnes bacteria and to develop a toner formulation. G.cowa leaf were extracted using 95% ethanol and microwave extraction, yielding 2.08% by dried weight. The antioxidant activity was assessed by DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) assay, showing an IC50 value of 71.99±0.12 µg/mL. The antibacterial test revealed that the ethanol extract of Garcinia cowa leaf inhibited C. acnes at a dose of 5 mg, with an inhibition zone diameter of 10.17±0.30 mm. Five toner formulas from the extract were developed, with formula 1 including Garcinia cowa leaf extract 0.5 mL. It has the most of volume G.cowa extract and shows the best external characteristics. All formulas were tested for physical properties. The formula 1 maintained its characteristics, including light yellow color, pleasant smell, and no sedimentation. The acidity-alkalinity test revealed a pH of 4.74±0.06, suitable for toner products. The results of this study provide a foundation for developing toner from G.cowa leaf extract and for further studies on its effectiveness.
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