Nursing Care for Dengue Patients with Renal Complications: Integrative Literature Review

Abstract

The kidneys are among the organs that may develop complications in patients with dengue fever, ranging from mild and self-limiting conditions such as hematuria and proteinuria to severe and potentially fatal outcomes, including acute kidney injury. These complications result from capillary damage leading to plasma leakage into surrounding tissues, reduced renal perfusion, anemia or dehydration, thrombocytopenia, and inflammatory responses caused by infection. The role of nurses begins upon the patient’s admission to the hospital. Nurses are responsible for assessing symptoms and vital signs, recording fluid intake and output, and monitoring laboratory results. Any abnormal findings must be reported to physicians immediately. Close observation is particularly essential for hospitalized patients with prolonged shock, underlying diseases, obesity, or advanced age, as these conditions increase the risk of complications. Some patients may require renal replacement therapy. In addition, nurses play a crucial role in educating patients and their families about dengue fever and its potential complications to reduce anxiety by providing appropriate information and self-care guidance. Therefore, nurses are integral to establishing effective patient care strategies. Through comprehensive assessment of potential complications, vigilant monitoring, and timely management of emerging conditions, nurses contribute significantly to improved patient outcomes. This article aims to review the mechanisms underlying renal complications in dengue fever and to synthesize evidence-based nursing care guidelines for application in clinical practice.