Melasma: A Review of Current Treatments
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14456/jdms.2023.34Keywords:
Melasma, Pigmentary disorders, Hyperpigmentation, TreatmentAbstract
Melasma is a commonly acquired hyperpigmented skin disorder of uncertain etiology. Several predisposing factors, such as UV radiation, genetic predisposition, dark skin, and female sex hormones, can induce melasma. However, its exact pathogenesis is complex and involves melanocyte function, including interactions between keratinocytes and melanocytes as well as gene regulation abnormalities. Topical therapy remains a mainstay treatment for melasma, and oral medications were helpful in appropriate cases. Procedural approaches, such as laser therapy and chemical peeling, have been proven to be beneficial in most cases. Several recent studies have also suggested new cutting-edge modalities for possible successful treatment, for example, picosecond laser. Besides, this review provides a comprehensive update in the pathogenesis and systematic treatment of melasma (Table 1).
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