Prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Retrospective Study at Queen Sirikit National Institute of Child Health
Keywords:
Pediatric inflammatory bowel disease, Pediatric Crohn’s disease, Pediatric Ulcerative colitis, Vitamin D deficiencyAbstract
Background: Vitamin D has a significant role in maintenance of GI barrier integrity, regulating gut mucosal immunity, impacting GI microbiota, and modulating anti-inflammatory immune responses. Therefore, vitamin D deficiency may be the cause of IBD or aggravated disease progression. Objective: The primary objective is to evaluate the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease (PIBD) patients at QSNICH. The secondary objective is to find associated factors of vitamin D deficiency. Method: A retrospective descriptive study was conducted by using a case record form. Inclusion criteria were PIBD patients at QSNICH who had blood levels of a total of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) during October 1st, 2018 – September 30th, 2020. Data were collected from outpatient medical records, which included demographic, clinical and laboratory data, disease activity, and treatment. Results: From a total of 33 cases of PIBD patients, 19 (57.58%) were diagnosed with Crohn’s disease (CD), and 14 cases (42.42%) were ulcerative colitis (UC). The median age and duration of disease were 133 months (range 13-205 months), 25 months (range 3-145 months), respectively. 30.3% of patients were male. 57.6% of the patients had Fitzpatrick skin type 4, 93.9% of the patients exercised less than 30 minutes/day, and 84.8% of the patients had sun exposure of less than 1 hour/day. The prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency in PIBD was 39.4%, which could be divided into subgroups of CD 47.4%, and UC 28.6% which was not statistically different (p-value = .497). Comparing the vitamin D deficiency group and the non-vitamin D deficiency group, including patients’ factors, diseases factor, drugs, and other factors, the significant correlation between both groups were Fitzpatrick skin type (p-value = .02) and received anti-TNF therapy (p-value = .028). Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency was commonly seen in IBD patients. The risk factors for vitamin D deficiency in this group of patients were skin type and anti-TNF therapy.
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